Measuring Japanese mothers' perception of child abuse: development of a Japanese version of the child abuse blame scale – physical abuse (CABS-PA-J)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Child Abuse Blame Scale – Physical Abuse (CABS-PA) was translated into Japanese and its subscale items modified by the authors according to the Japanese cultural context. The aim of the current study was to investigate the appropriateness, reliability, and clinical applicability of the CABS-PA Japanese version (CABS-PA-J). Modifications were made to enable the determination of child abuse recognition in a Japanese cultural setting and early clinical intervention in child abuse cases.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The CABS-PA text was translated into Japanese, then back translated. The appropriateness of scale item translations was verified based on e-mail discussions with the original CABS-PA author. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to examine the validity of CABS-PA-J responses and to confirm the validity of factor structure. Criterion-related validity was also confirmed. The Japanese scale was used to examine the characteristic differences between mothers of premature infants (< 1500 g) and those of other infants (≧ 1500 g).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses found the factor structure to be similar between the original scale and the translated CABS-PA-J, suggesting adequate factor validity. There was a statistically significant correlation between social support from a spouse or third party and the abuse score on a subscale, partially demonstrating criterion-referenced validity. Similarities and differences were found in the stress reactions of the mothers of premature infants (< 1500 g) and those of other infants (≧ 1500 g).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>CABS-PA-J was shown to be appropriate and reliable. It is an effective tool for determining the recognition of child abuse among Japanese mothers.</p

Physics of Magnetopause Reconnection: A Study of the Combined Effects of Density Asymmetry, Velocity Shear, and Guide Field

Magnetopause reconnection would be characterized by the density jump across the current sheet, the flow shear across the boundary, and nonzero guide field. While effects of each of these elements have been studied, the effects arising from the combination of these are still unexplored. Two-dimensional full-particle simulations show that the combination of shear flow and/or guide field with density asymmetry induces the sliding motion of the X-line along the magnetopause. The direction of the X-line motion is controlled either by the ion flow at the X-line when the shear flow effects dominate or by the electron flow at the X-line when the guide field effects dominate. The shear flow effects and the guide field effects may counteract each other in determining the direction of the X-line motion and, in the close proximity of the subsolar region where the flow is slow, the X-line motion can be opposite to the flow direction

Prescribing patterns and determinants for elderly patients with Parkinson's disease in Japan: a retrospective observational study using insurance claims databases

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine real-world prescribing patterns and determinants for Japanese patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), with a focus on patients ≥75 years.MethodsThis was a retrospective, observational, longitudinal study of patients with PD (≥30 years, ICD-10: G20 excluding Parkinson's syndrome) from three Japanese nationwide healthcare claim databases. Prescription drugs were tabulated using database receipt codes. Changes in treatment patterns were analyzed using network analysis. Factors associated with prescribing patterns and prescription duration were analyzed using multivariable analysis.ResultsOf 18 million insured people, 39,731 patients were eligible for inclusion (≥75-year group: 29,130; &lt;75-year group: 10,601). PD prevalence was 1.21/100 people ≥75 years. Levodopa was the most commonly prescribed anti-PD drug (total: 85.4%; ≥75 years: 88.3%). Network analysis of prescribing patterns showed that most elderly patients switched from levodopa monotherapy to adjunct prescription patterns, as did younger patients, but with less complexity. Elderly patients who newly initiated PD treatment remained on levodopa monotherapy longer than younger patients; factors significantly associated with levodopa prescriptions were older age and cognitive impairment. Commonly prescribed adjunct therapies were monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors, non-ergot dopamine agonists, and zonisamide, regardless of age. Droxidopa and amantadine were prescribed as adjunct levodopa therapy slightly more frequently among elderly patients; levodopa adjunct therapy was prescribed when the levodopa dose was 300 mg, regardless of age.ConclusionPrescribing patterns for patients ≥75 years were levodopa centered and less complex than for those &lt;75 years. Factors significantly associated with levodopa monotherapy and continued use of levodopa were older age and cognitive disorder.Clinical trial registrationUMIN Clinical Trials Registry, https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000053425 (UMIN000046823)

Quantitative evaluation of movement using the timed up-and-go test

藤元早鈴病院金沢大学理工研究域機械工学