La financiación de la Universidad de Roma (siglos XIV-XV)

In recent years there is a growing interest in historiography by the uni­versities that developed in territories of the Roman Church at the end of the Middle Ages. Although we can affirm that universities that develope in this area during the modern age are “Pope’s universities”, this was not the case in the Middle Ages. The works on the Uni­versity of Perugia, also on the University of Rome, reveal the dualism between city and curia, between academic work and papal tu­telage, between municipal management, city life and the presence of the Church. And if we focus on the financing of the University of Rome, questions also arise related to the role of municipal governments in determining the financial policies of the university. This article will address the financing of the Studium Ur­bis by public authorities to observe its man­agement capacity in the specific and spatial coordinates of the University of Rome.Se aprecia en los últimos años un interés creciente en la historiografía por las universidades que se desarrollaron en territorios de la Iglesia Romana a finales de la Edad Media. Si bien podemos afirmar que existieron universidades papales en la edad moderna no fue así en la Edad Media. Los trabajos sobre la universidad de Perugia, también sobre la universidad de Roma, dejan ver el dualismo entre ciudad y curia, entre el trabajo académico y la tutela papal, entre la gestión municipal, la vida de la ciudad y la presencia de la iglesia. Y, si nos centramos en la financiación de la Universidad de Roma, también surgen cuestiones relacionadas con el papel de los gobiernos municipales en la determinación de las políticas financieras de la universidad. Este artículo abordará la financiación del Studium Urbis por parte de las autoridades públicas para observar la capacidad de gestión de la misma en las coordenadas específicas y espaciales de la Universidad de Roma

Sudden Unexpected Deaths and Vaccinations during the First Two Years of Life in Italy: A Case Series Study

Background The signal of an association between vaccination in the second year of life with a hexavalent vaccine and sudden unexpected deaths (SUD) in the two days following vaccination was reported in Germany in 2003. A study to establish whether the immunisation with hexavalent vaccines increased the short term risk of SUD in infants was conducted in Italy. Methodology/Principal Findings The reference population comprises around 3 million infants vaccinated in Italy in the study period 1999–2004 (1.5 million received hexavalent vaccines). Events of SUD in infants aged 1–23 months were identified through the death certificates. Vaccination history was retrieved from immunisation registries. Association between immunisation and death was assessed adopting a case series design focusing on the risk periods 0–1, 0–7, and 0–14 days after immunisation. Among the 604 infants who died of SUD, 244 (40%) had received at least one vaccination. Four deaths occurred within two days from vaccination with the hexavalent vaccines (RR = 1.5; 95% CI 0.6 to 4.2). The RRs for the risk periods 0–7 and 0–14 were 2.0 (95% CI 1.2 to 3.5) and 1.5 (95% CI 0.9 to 2.4). The increased risk was limited to the first dose (RR = 2.2; 95% CI 1.1 to 4.4), whereas no increase was observed for the second and third doses combined. Conclusions The RRs of SUD for any vaccines and any risk periods, even when greater than 1, were almost an order of magnitude lower than the estimates in Germany. The limited increase in RRs found in Italy appears confined to the first dose and may be partly explained by a residual uncontrolled confounding effect of age

Processi formativi istituzionalizzati nelle società comunali e signorili italiane : una politica scolastica ?

Nella prima parte si constata come il tema dei rapporti fra poteri statali e istituzioni educative si collochi all'incrocio di diversi interessi storiografici, che hanno per oggetto in primo luogo il nesso tra formazione scolastica ed esercizio di funzioni pubbliche nella città, poi le vicende dell'organizzazione istituzionale della scuola, infine il rapporto tra cultura scolastica, formazione politica delle classi dirigenti, educazione retorica. Nella seconda parte, attraverso un'esemplificazione tratta da fonti scolastiche e non, si indicano i luoghi in cui è possibile cogliere il manifestarsi della sensibilità delle classi dirigenti, se non dei pubblici poteri in senso stretto, per la scuola : sensibilità che può riassumersi nella percezione, variamente articolata, della « utilitas » che la scuola può rappresentare per la città.Frova Carla. Processi formativi istituzionalizzati nelle società comunali e signorili italiane : una politica scolastica ?. In: Culture et idéologie dans la genèse de l'État moderne. Actes de la table ronde de Rome (15-17 octobre 1984) Rome : École Française de Rome, 1985. pp. 117-131. (Publications de l'École française de Rome, 82

La scuola nella città tardomedioevale: un impegno pedagogico e organizzativo

politica scolastica, comuni, medioev