Corn yield response to weed and fall armyworm controls

The interference imposed the by weeds on corn decreases practically all vegetative characteristics. As consequence, the green ear and grain yield are also reduced. Losses due to the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) attack can reduce corn grain yield up to 34%. In general, weed and insect control issues are addressed separately in research papers. Nevertheless, interaction between weeds and insects may exist. This study aimed to evaluate green ear and corn grain yield response to weed and fall armyworm control. A completely randomized block design with split-plots and five replicates was adopted. Corn cultivar AG 1051 was grown under weedy conditions or with control by hand hoeings performed at 20 and 40 days after planting. Fall armyworm control (applied to subplots) was performed with sprays of water (control), deltamethrin (5g active ingredient ha-1); neem oil, at 0.5% (diluted in water), and neem leaf extract at 5%. Each product was sprayed three times, at seven-day intervals, starting at the 7th day after planting, using 150 L ha-1 of the tank solution. Dry mass of the above-ground part, internode diameter, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, green ear yield and grain yield of corn were reduced due to the lack of weed control. Fall armyworm control in the weeded plots did not influence green ear yield and grain yield, except green mass of marketable, husked ears, which was reduced when the caterpillar was not controlled. Without weed control, neem extracts and deltamethrin sprays provided highest yields of number and total weight of green ears with husks, number and weight of marketable ears with husks and number of marketable ears without husks. The best results for husked ear mass and for grain yield were obtained with neem extract and deltamethrin, respectively

Efeitos do Controle de Invasoras e de Niveis de Nitrogenio Sobre o Teor de Proteina dos Graos de Milho.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de niveis de controle de invasoras (sem capinas, capina aos 20 dias do plantio, capina aos 40 dias do plantio, e capinas aos 20 e 40 dias do plantio) e de niveis de N (0, 60 e 120 kg de N/ha) sobre o teor de proteina dos graos de milho da variedade Centralmex, irrigada por aspersao. O estudo foi realizado em Mossoro, RN, em 1990/91, em esquema fatorial disposto em blocos casualizados, com cinco repeticoes. Verificou-se efeito significativo para niveis de controle das invasoras e para niveis de N, mas nao para a interacao entre estes dois fatores. O teor de proteina obtido em milho sem capinas (8,3%) foi inferior aos obtidos com uma capina aos 40 dias (9,7%) ou com duas capinas (9,6%), mas nao diferiu do obtido com capina aos 20 dias (9,1%). A adubacao com 120 kg de N/ha determinou maior teor de proteina (9,6%) que o encontrado na ausencia de adubacao (8,6%). Não houve diferenca significativa entre os niveis 0 e 60 kg de N (9,3% de proteina) quanto ao referido carater.Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-09T12:12:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pab9308mai.pdf: 399687 bytes, checksum: e4f33255502684aa89db6d7ea09a7200 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-08-14199

Produtividade de cultivares de arroz irrigado resultante da aplicação de doses de nitrogênio Response of rice cultivars under water logged conditions to nitrogen rates

Foi avaliada a resposta de três cultivares de arroz irrigado por inundação a diferentes doses de nitrogênio, mediante experimentos realizados em Mococa, SP, em 2000/2001 e em 2001/2002. Nas parcelas foram aplicadas quatro doses de N (0, 90, 180 e 270 kg ha-1) e nas subparcelas foram transplantadas mudas das cultivares de arroz IAC 101, IAC 103 e EPAGRI 109. O nitrogênio, tendo como fonte a uréia, foi aplicado, no transplantio das mudas, aos 20 e 40 dias após. Os componentes de produção não responderam à aplicação do nitrogênio, porém as cultivares diferiram significativamente entre si, tendo se observado na 'IAC 103' maior valor para o índice de fertilidade da panícula e o número de panículas por unidade de área. O número de panículas por unidade de área foi o componente de produção que melhor se correlacionou com a produção de grãos. Verificaram-se nas cultivares respostas quadráticas à aplicação de nitrogênio para o rendimento de grãos em casca e inteiros. A 'IAC 103' respondeu a doses maiores de N e maximizou o retorno econômico (218 kg ha-1 de N, com rendimento de 6790 kg ha-1 de grãos em casca). As doses para maior retorno das demais cultivares foram 161 (EPAGRI 109) e 179 kg ha-1 de N (IAC 101).<br>The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of three rice cultivars to N fertilizers under irrigated conditions. Two field experiments were carried out in Mococa, SP, in 2000/01 and 2001/02. Rates of N (0, 90, 180, and 270 kg ha-1) were applied in the main plots and seedlings of three rice cultivars (IAC 101, IAC 103, and EPAGRI 109) were transplanted into the subplots. Nitrogen, as urea, was split in three applications: at transplantation, 20 and 40 days later. Except for the number of spiklets per panicle, yield components did not respond to N rates, although they varied for the different plant genotypes. IAC 103 presented the higher value for panicle fertility index and number of panicles per area, and the lower plant height, compared to IAC 101 and EPAGRI 109. Number of plants per area was the yield component most closely related with grain yield. Responses to N varied with the genotype. The highest rate of N to maximize economic return (218 kg/ha N and 6790 kg/ha grain yield) was observed for IAC 103. The corresponding rates for the other genotypes were 161 (EPAGRI 109) and 179 kg/ha N (IAC 101). These rates are higher than those currently recommended for waterlogged rice in Brazil

Aging and Environmental Enrichment Exacerbate Inflammatory Response on Antibody-Enhanced Dengue Disease in Immunocompetent Murine Model

We previously demonstrated in young mice that in comparison with animals raised in an impoverished environment (IE), animals from an enriched environment (EE) show more severe dengue disease, associated with an increased expansion of memory T target cells. Because active older adults show less functional decline in T-cell adaptive immunity, we hypothesized that aged mice from EE would show higher mortality and T-lymphocyte expansion than mice from IE. To test this hypothesis, we administered serial i.p. injections of anti-DENV2 hyperimmune serum, followed 24 h later by DENV3 (genotype III)-infected brain homogenate. Control mice received equal volumes of serum but received uninfected brain homogenate. The presence of virus or viral antigens was indirectly detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Compared to infected IE animals, EE mice, independent of age, showed higher mortality and more intense clinical signs. Compared to young mice, the higher mortality of aged mice was associated with a higher degree of T lymphocytic hyperplasia in the spleen and infiltration in kidneys, liver, and lungs, but less viral antigen immunolabeling. We propose that a higher expansion of T cells and serotype cross-reactive antibodies are associated with disease severity in aged mice