Planters and the State: the Pursuit of Hegemony in Sao Paulo, Brazil (1889-1930). (Volumes I and II).

This study provides an in-depth empirical analysis of the collective actions of coffee producers in Sao Paulo, Brazil, between 1920 and 1930. Its main goal is to clarify the conditions under which export sector elites mobilize and act cohesively to promote their political leadership and hegemony, and how this may condition the transition to industrialization and the deepening of a capitalist social order in dependent societies. Elite collective action is gauged here in terms of the extent of associational mobilization and differentiation and of active agreement or disagreement with respect to major issues. The centerpiece of the evidence is a sample of collective action events culled largely from the three most important newspapers of the period and analyzed by computer. The examination of the claims and participants in these events made possible the detection and assessment of factionalism and cleavages within the coffee export elite. The analyses show increasing levels of associational and political action by traditional coffee elites. These aimed largely at the state government and involved repeated dem and s of immigration programs, tax reform and control of regulatory mechanisms affecting the export sector. The data also show increasing levels of rancor with the government and factionalism within and between the planter organizations. The durability of these claims and cleavages was corroborated by the distribution of claim-making across the coffee zone and their continuity through time. By mid-decade, a veritable rupture was brewing between a group of traditional planters and statemakers. From that point on there took shape a generalized offensive to reaffirm traditional coffee elite dominance and hegemony in which Paulista economic elites conspired, organized or supported dissident political organizations antagonistic to the ruling party and the regime. The findings from the Sao Paulo case show that export sector expansion may lead to processes of differentiation which hamper, rather than promote, planter political capacity; and which may create political conflict rather than integration and consolidation. They also challenge the notion that large estate owners can easily maintain their hold over the export economy and subsequent processes of development and industrialization.Ph.D.Social structureUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/159547/1/8324180.pd

Integración económica y democratización:

El libro trata de comprobar la vigencia de los temas y de las hipótesis de trabajo desarrolladas durante el Seminario Internacional “Integración Económica y Democratización: América Latina y Cuba”, que se realizó en Santiago de Chile, el 26 y 27 de mayo de 1997. A partir de una caracterización del contexto en que tuvo lugar el intercambio de ideas y su evolución posterior, se analiza desde la primacía de la razón política que orienta la política interna e internacional cubana hasta la conveniencia de acelerar o pausar su participación en el proceso de integración latinoamericana y caribeña

Chasing Gravitational Waves with the Chereknov Telescope Array

Presented at the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2023), 2023 (arXiv:2309.08219)2310.07413International audienceThe detection of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star merger by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (GW170817), along with the discovery of the electromagnetic counterparts of this gravitational wave event, ushered in a new era of multimessenger astronomy, providing the first direct evidence that BNS mergers are progenitors of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Such events may also produce very-high-energy (VHE, > 100GeV) photons which have yet to be detected in coincidence with a gravitational wave signal. The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a next-generation VHE observatory which aims to be indispensable in this search, with an unparalleled sensitivity and ability to slew anywhere on the sky within a few tens of seconds. New observing modes and follow-up strategies are being developed for CTA to rapidly cover localization areas of gravitational wave events that are typically larger than the CTA field of view. This work will evaluate and provide estimations on the expected number of of gravitational wave events that will be observable with CTA, considering both on- and off-axis emission. In addition, we will present and discuss the prospects of potential follow-up strategies with CTA

Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array to the gamma-ray emission from neutrino sources detected by IceCube

Gamma-ray observations of the astrophysical neutrino sources are fundamentally important for understanding the underlying neutrino production mechanism. We investigate the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) ability to detect the very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray counterparts to the neutrino-emitting Active Galaxies. The CTA performance under different configurations and array layouts is computed based on the neutrino and gamma-ray simulations of steady and transient types of sources, assuming that the neutrino events are detected with the IceCube neutrino telescope. The CTA detection probability is calculated for both CTA sites taking into account the visibility constraints. We find that, under optimal observing conditions, CTA could observe the VHE gamma-ray emission from at least 3 neutrino events per year

Chasing Gravitational Waves with the Chereknov Telescope Array

Presented at the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2023), 2023 (arXiv:2309.08219)2310.07413International audienceThe detection of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star merger by Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (GW170817), along with the discovery of the electromagnetic counterparts of this gravitational wave event, ushered in a new era of multimessenger astronomy, providing the first direct evidence that BNS mergers are progenitors of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Such events may also produce very-high-energy (VHE, > 100GeV) photons which have yet to be detected in coincidence with a gravitational wave signal. The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a next-generation VHE observatory which aims to be indispensable in this search, with an unparalleled sensitivity and ability to slew anywhere on the sky within a few tens of seconds. New observing modes and follow-up strategies are being developed for CTA to rapidly cover localization areas of gravitational wave events that are typically larger than the CTA field of view. This work will evaluate and provide estimations on the expected number of of gravitational wave events that will be observable with CTA, considering both on- and off-axis emission. In addition, we will present and discuss the prospects of potential follow-up strategies with CTA

Interpolation of Instrument Response Functions for the Cherenkov Telescope Array in the Context of pyirf

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be the next generation ground-basedvery-high-energy gamma-ray observatory, constituted by tens of Imaging AtmosphericCherenkov Telescopes at two sites once its construction and commissioning are finished. Like its predecessors, CTA relies on Instrument Response Functions (IRFs) to relate the observed and reconstructed properties to the true ones of the primary gamma-ray photons. IRFs are needed for the proper reconstruction of spectral and spatial information of the observed sources and are thus among the data products issued to the observatory users. They are derived from Monte Carlo simulations, depend on observation conditions likethe telescope pointing direction or the atmospheric transparency and can evolve with time as hardware ages or is replaced. Producing a complete set of IRFs from simulations for every observation taken is a time-consuming task and not feasible when releasing data products on short timescales. Consequently, interpolation techniques on simulated IRFs are investigated to quickly estimate IRFs for specific observation conditions. However, as some of the IRFs constituents are given as probability distributions, specialized methods are needed. This contribution summarizes and compares the feasibility of multiple approaches to interpolate IRF components in the context of the pyirf python software package and IRFs simulated for the Large-Sized Telescope prototype (LST-1). We will also give an overview of the current functionalities implemented in pyirf

Performance of a proposed event-type based analysis for the Cherenkov Telescope Array

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be the next-generation observatory in the field of very-high-energy (20 GeV to 300 TeV) gamma-ray astroparticle physics. Classically, data analysis in the field maximizes sensitivity by applying quality cuts on the data acquired. These cuts, optimized using Monte Carlo simulations, select higher quality events from the initial dataset. Subsequent steps of the analysis typically use the surviving events to calculate one set of instrument response functions (IRFs). An alternative approach is the use of event types, as implemented in experiments such as the Fermi-LAT. In this approach, events are divided into sub-samples based on their reconstruction quality, and a set of IRFs is calculated for each sub-sample. The sub-samples are then combined in a joint analysis, treating them as independent observations. This leads to an improvement in performance parameters such as sensitivity, angular and energy resolution. Data loss is reduced since lower quality events are included in the analysis as well, rather than discarded. In this study, machine learning methods will be used to classify events according to their expected angular reconstruction quality. We will report the impact on CTA high-level performance when applying such an event-type classification, compared to the classical procedure