Larsen_Appendix_1 – Supplemental material for The institutional logic of giving migrants access to social benefits and services

Supplemental material, Larsen_Appendix_1 for The institutional logic of giving migrants access to social benefits and services by Christian Albrekt Larsen in Journal of European Social Polic

The institutional logic of giving migrants access to social benefits and services

The article analyses how the programmatic structure of welfare schemes in Denmark, the Netherlands and Germany shape public perceptions of and preferences for migrants’ entitlement to social benefits and services. First, the article finds that despite high complexity and the presence of some severe misconceptions, the entitlement criteria of migrants within existing social benefits and services do shape public perceptions of reality. Second, the article finds that these institutional shaped perceptions of reality strongly influence preferences for how migrants’ entitlement criteria should be. This status quo effect is more moderate among populist right-wing voters, in general, and in the critical case of attitudes to non-EU migrants’ entitlement to social assistance in Denmark. However, in all segments, one finds strong correlations between ‘are’ and ‘should be’, which is taken as indications of clear and sizeable institutional effects

The institutional logic of giving migrants access to social benefits and services

The article analyses how the programmatic structure of welfare schemes in Denmark, the Netherlands and Germany shape public perceptions of and preferences for migrants’ entitlement to social benefits and services. First, the article finds that despite high complexity and the presence of some severe misconceptions, the entitlement criteria of migrants within existing social benefits and services do shape public perceptions of reality. Second, the article finds that these institutional shaped perceptions of reality strongly influence preferences for how migrants’ entitlement criteria should be. This status quo effect is more moderate among populist right-wing voters, in general, and in the critical case of attitudes to non-EU migrants’ entitlement to social assistance in Denmark. However, in all segments, one finds strong correlations between ‘are’ and ‘should be’, which is taken as indications of clear and sizeable institutional effects

MIFARE Study ? Migrants? Welfare State Attitudes

The MIFARE survey was designed to focus on immigrants who migrated to the receiving country at an age of 16 years or older. The MIFARE survey has been conducted in three countries: Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. All three countries have the opportunity to sample from population registers, including migrants. The opportunity to sample randomly from the registers enables us to test for representativeness of the survey, to approach migrant groups that are smaller in number, and guarantees comparable designs in the three countries. We propose to sample migrants from the age of 18 and older, and a native control group (to be able to compare between migrants and natives also for the questions specifically developed for the proposed survey). We choose 4 intra-EU origin countries and 6 extra-EU origin countries, including the most numerous migrant populations: Poland, Romania, Spain and the UK for the intra-EU origin countries. As extra-EU origin countries, we select China (mainland only, excluding Hong Kong), Japan, Turkey, the Philippines (not in Germany due to sampling issues), Russia, and the US. China and Turkey are the only countries not included in either the ISSP or ESS

International Social Survey Programme: Social Networks and Social Resources - ISSP 2017

Social relations and social network. Topics: People with selected jobs of different branches in circle of close friends, relatives and acquaintances (e.g. bus / lorry driver, senior executive of a large company, home or office cleaner, etc.); opinion on social justice (too large income differences in the country, differences in people´s standard of living should be small in fair societies, responsibility of the government to reduce income differences, social benefits cause laziness); responsibility for the provision of health care for the sick, and care for older people (government, private companies/ for-profit organisations, non-profit organisations/ charities/ cooperatives, religious organisations, family, relatives or friends); frequency of activities of groups for leisure, sports or culture, of politial parties, politicial groups or associations, and of charitable or religious organisations that do voluntary work; opinion on personal influence in government decisions; first contact person to ask for help in household or garden, in household when ill, in depression, in giving advice in family problems, in enjoying a pleasant social occasion with (close family member, more distant family member, close friend, neighbour, workmate, someone else, no one); contact person or organisation to borrow a large sum of money, to find a job with administrative problems or official paperwork, to find a place to live, to look after oneself if seriously ill (family members or close friends, other persons, private companies, public services, non-profit or religious organisations, other organisations, no person or organisation); frequency of feeling companionship lacking, of isolation from others, and of feeling left out (past four weeks); how often people try to take advantage and how often try to be fair; people can be trusted vs. can´t be too careful in dealing with people; trust in national courts and in major private companies; willingness to help (duty of adult children to look after their elderly parents, take care of yourself and your family first, before helping other people, people who are better off should help friends who are less well off); pressure from family members about the personal way of life; too many demands from family, relatives and friends; frequency of angry or upset reaction of important people in life. Social activities: frequency of going out with friends or acquaintances; frequency of making new friendships or acquaintances at these occasions; number of people in contact with on a typical weekday; frequency of face-to-face contacts with these people; frequency of contact with different relatives (parent, sibling, adult child, other family member), and close friend the respondent is most frequently in contact with; amount of contact with all family members and close friends via the internet; self-rating of general health status; frequency of impairments in the last 4 weeks (felt unhappy and depressed, felt difficulties unable to overcome); easy to accomplish own goals; life satisfaction. Optional questions: Friendship should be useful; favours should be reciprocated; frequency of domination of one person in conversations with friends; frequency of consideration who sits near whom at meetings with friends; frequency of contact with the person from home town or the region of origin most frequently in contact with; frequency of contact with the person from religious community most frequently in contact with. Demography: sex; age; year of birth; years in school; education (country specific); highest completed education level; work status; hours worked weekly; employment relationship; number of employees; supervision of employees; number of supervised employees; type of organisation: for-profit vs. non-profit and public vs. private; occupation (ISCO/ILO-08); main employment status; living in steady partnership; trade union membership; religious affiliation or denomination (country specific); groups of religious denominations; attendance of religious services; top-bottom self-placement; vote participation in last general election; country specific party voted for in last general election; party voted for (left-right); self-assessed affiliation to ethnic group 1 and 2 (country specific); number of children in the household; number of toddlers in the household; size of household; earnings of respondent (country specific); household income (country specific); father´s and mother´s country of birth; marital status; place of living: urban – rural; region (country specific). Additional obligatory background variables: difficulties to make ends meet from total houshold´s income; language skills: number of languages in how the respondent is able to hold a conversation. Information about spouse/ partner on: work status; hours worked weekly; employment relationship; supervision of employees; occupation (ISCO/ILO-08); main employment status. Supplementary optional background variable: highest completed education level of spouse/ partner. Additionally encoded: respondent-ID number; date of interview (year, month, day); case substitution flag; mode of data collection; weight; Country ISO 3166 Code, Country/Sample ISO 3166 Code, Country Prefix ISO 3166 Code

International Social Survey Programme: Role of Government V - ISSP 2016

The role of Government Topics: Obey the law without exception vs. follow conscience on occasions; public protest meetings and protest marches and demonstrations against the government should be allowed; allowance for revolutionaries to hold public meetings and to publish books expressing their views; worse type of justice error (to convict an innocent person or to let a guilty person go free); consent or rejection of various economic measures by the government (cuts in government spending, government financing of projects to create new jobs, less government regulation of business, support for industry to develop new products and technology, support for declining industries to protect jobs, reducing the working week to create more jobs); preference for more or less government spending in various areas (the environment, health, the police and law enforcement, education, the military and defence, old age pensions, unemployment benefits, culture and the arts); question of government´s responsibility (provide a job for everyone, keep prices under control, provide health care for the sick, provide a decent standard of living for the old, provide industry with the help it needs to grow, provide a decent standard of living for the unemployed, reduce income differences between the rich and the poor, give financial help to university students from low-income families, provide decent housing for those who can’t afford it, impose strict laws to make industry do less damage to the environment, promote equality between men and women); responsibility for the provision of health care for the sick, care for older people, and school education (Government, private companies/for-profit organisations, non-profit organisations/charities/cooperatives, religious organisations, family relatives or friends); most and second most influence factor on government actions (e.g. the media, trade unions, business, banks and industry, etc.); policies in the country depend more on what is happening in the world economy, rather than who is in government vice versa; opinion on civil liberties and public security: government should have the right to keep people under video surveillance in public areas, and to monitor e-mails and any other information exchanged on the Internet; all government information should be publicly available vs. limited (scale 0-10); government should have the right to collect information about anyone living in the country, and about anyone living abroad without their knowledge; government should have the right to detain people without putting them on trial, to tap people’s telephone conversations, and to stop and search people in the street at random; interest in politics; people like me don’t have any say about what the government does; pretty good understanding of the important political issues; Members of Parliament try to keep promises; most civil servants can be trusted; evaluation of the amount of taxes for high incomes, middle incomes, and low incomes; tax authorities make sure people pay their taxes, and treat everyone in accordance with the law; major private companies comply with laws, and try to avoid paying their taxes; corruption: estimated incidence of corruption among politicians, and among public officials; personal experience with corruption in the last five years: frequency of how often a public official wanted a bribe; evaluation of success of the government in providing health care, in providing a decent standard of living for the old, and in dealing with security threats. Demography: sex; age; year of birth; years in school; education (country specific); highest completed education level; work status; hours worked weekly; employment relationship; number of employees; supervision of employees; number of supervised employees; type of organisation: for-profit vs. non profit and public vs. private; occupation (ISCO/ILO-08); main employment status; living in steady partnership; trade union membership; religious affiliation or denomination (country specific); groups of religious denominations; attendance of religious services; top-bottom self-placement; vote participation in last general election; country specific party voted in last general election; party voted (left-right); self-assessed affiliation to ethnic group 1 and 2 (country specific); number of children in the household; number of toddlers in the household; size of household; earnings of respondent (country specific); household income (country specific); father´s and mother´s country of birth; marital status; place of living: urban – rural; region (country specific). Information about spouse/ partner on: work status; hours worked weekly; employment relationship; supervision of employees; occupation (ISCO/ILO-08); main employment status. Additionally encoded: respondent-ID number; date of interview (year, month, day); case substitution flag; mode of data collection; weight; Country ISO 3166 Code, Country/Sample ISO 3166 Code, Country Prefix ISO 3166 Code

International Social Survey Programme: Social Networks and Social Resources - ISSP 2017

Social relations and social network. Topics: People with selected jobs of different branches in circle of close friends, relatives and acquaintances (e.g. bus / lorry driver, senior executive of a large company, home or office cleaner, etc.); opinion on social justice (too large income differences in the country, differences in people´s standard of living should be small in fair societies, responsibility of the government to reduce income differences, social benefits cause laziness); responsibility for the provision of health care for the sick, and care for older people (government, private companies/ for-profit organisations, non-profit organisations/ charities/ cooperatives, religious organisations, family, relatives or friends); frequency of activities of groups for leisure, sports or culture, of politial parties, politicial groups or associations, and of charitable or religious organisations that do voluntary work; opinion on personal influence in government decisions; first contact person to ask for help in household or garden, in household when ill, in depression, in giving advice in family problems, in enjoying a pleasant social occasion with (close family member, more distant family member, close friend, neighbour, workmate, someone else, no one); contact person or organisation to borrow a large sum of money, to find a job with administrative problems or official paperwork, to find a place to live, to look after oneself if seriously ill (family members or close friends, other persons, private companies, public services, non-profit or religious organisations, other organisations, no person or organisation); frequency of feeling companionship lacking, of isolation from others, and of feeling left out (past four weeks); how often people try to take advantage and how often try to be fair; people can be trusted vs. can´t be too careful in dealing with people; trust in national courts and in major private companies; willingness to help (duty of adult children to look after their elderly parents, take care of yourself and your family first, before helping other people, people who are better off should help friends who are less well off); pressure from family members about the personal way of life; too many demands from family, relatives and friends; frequency of angry or upset reaction of important people in life. Social activities: frequency of going out with friends or acquaintances; frequency of making new friendships or acquaintances at these occasions; number of people in contact with on a typical weekday; frequency of face-to-face contacts with these people; frequency of contact with different relatives (parent, sibling, adult child, other family member), and close friend the respondent is most frequently in contact with; amount of contact with all family members and close friends via the internet; self-rating of general health status; frequency of impairments in the last 4 weeks (felt unhappy and depressed, felt difficulties unable to overcome); easy to accomplish own goals; life satisfaction. Optional questions: Friendship should be useful; favours should be reciprocated; frequency of domination of one person in conversations with friends; frequency of consideration who sits near whom at meetings with friends; frequency of contact with the person from home town or the region of origin most frequently in contact with; frequency of contact with the person from religious community most frequently in contact with. Demography: sex; age; year of birth; years in school; education (country specific); highest completed education level; work status; hours worked weekly; employment relationship; number of employees; supervision of employees; number of supervised employees; type of organisation: for-profit vs. non-profit and public vs. private; occupation (ISCO/ILO-08); main employment status; living in steady partnership; trade union membership; religious affiliation or denomination (country specific); groups of religious denominations; attendance of religious services; top-bottom self-placement; vote participation in last general election; country specific party voted for in last general election; party voted for (left-right); self-assessed affiliation to ethnic group 1 and 2 (country specific); number of children in the household; number of toddlers in the household; size of household; earnings of respondent (country specific); household income (country specific); father´s and mother´s country of birth; marital status; place of living: urban – rural; region (country specific). Additional obligatory background variables: difficulties to make ends meet from total houshold´s income; language skills: number of languages in how the respondent is able to hold a conversation. Information about spouse/ partner on: work status; hours worked weekly; employment relationship; supervision of employees; occupation (ISCO/ILO-08); main employment status.Supplementary optional background variable: highest completed education level of spouse/ partner. Additionally encoded: respondent-ID number; date of interview (year, month, day); case substitution flag; flag variable indicating partially completed interviews; mode of data collection; weight; Country ISO 3166 Code, Country/Sample ISO 3166 Code, Country Prefix ISO 3166 Code

International Social Survey Programme: Role of Government V - ISSP 2016

Die Rolle der Regierung Themen: Gesetze befolgen ohne Ausnahme vs. Entscheidung nach Gewissen; öffentliche Protestveranstaltungen, Protestmärsche und Demonstrationen gegen die Regierung sollten erlaubt sein; Erlaubnis für Revolutionäre, öffentliche Versammlungen abzuhalten und Bücher zu veröffentlichen, die ihre Ansichten zum Ausdruck bringen; schlimmerer Justizirrtum (eine unschuldige Person zu verurteilen oder einen Schuldigen freizulassen); Zustimmung oder Ablehnung verschiedener wirtschaftlicher Maßnahmen durch die Regierung (Kürzungen der Staatsausgaben, staatliche Finanzierung von Projekten zur Schaffung neuer Arbeitsplätze, weniger staatliche Regulierung von Unternehmen, Unterstützung der Industrie bei der Entwicklung neuer Produkte und Technologien, Unterstützung für rückläufige Industrien zum Schutz von Arbeitsplätzen, Verringerung der Wochenarbeitszeit zur Schaffung von Arbeitsplätzen); Präferenz für mehr oder weniger Staatsausgaben in verschiedenen Bereichen (Umwelt, Gesundheit, Polizei und Strafverfolgung, Bildung, Militär und Verteidigung, Altersrenten, Arbeitslosenunterstützung, Kultur und Kunst); Frage der Regierungsverantwortung (Arbeit für alle, Preiskontrolle, Gesundheitsfürsorge für Kranke, angemessener Lebensstandard für alte Menschen, Hilfe für die Industrie, angemessener Lebensstandard für Arbeitslose, Verringern der Einkommensunterschiede zwischen Arm und Reich, Unterstützung für Studenten aus einkommensschwachen Familien, menschenwürdige Unterkünfte für diejenigen bereitzustellen, die es sich nicht leisten können, strenge Gesetze auferlegen, um die Industrie zu veranlassen, weniger Umweltschäden anzurichten, Förderung der Gleichstellung von Männern und Frauen); Verantwortlichkeit für die Gesundheitsversorgung Kranker, die Versorgung älterer Menschen und die Schulbildung (Regierung, private Unternehmen/Gewinnorganisationen, Non-Profit-Organisationen/ Wohlfahrtsverbände/Genossenschaften, religiöse Organisationen, Familienangehörige oder Freunde); Akteure mit dem größten und zweitgrößten Einfluss auf das Handeln der Regierung (z.B. Medien, Gewerkschaften, Unternehmen, Banken und Industrie usw.); Politik im Land mehr abhängig von der Weltwirtschaft als von Regierenden und vice versa; Meinung zu Bürgerrechten und öffentlicher Sicherheit: Regierung sollte das Recht haben zur Videoüberwachung von Personen in öffentlichen Bereichen und zur Überwachung von E-Mails; alle Regierungsinformationen sollten öffentlich zugänglich vs. begrenzt sein; Regierung sollte das Recht haben, Informationen zu sammeln über jeden, der im Land oder im Ausland lebt ohne dessen Wissen; Regierung sollte das Recht haben, Menschen ohne Gerichtsverfahren in Haft zu nehmen, Telefongespräche anzuzapfen und Leute auf der Straße nach dem Zufallsprinzip zu stoppen und zu durchsuchen; Politikinteresse; Leute wie ich haben kein Mitspracherecht über das, was die Regierung tut; gutes Verständnis wichtiger politischer Fragen; Abgeordnete versuchen Wahlversprechen zu halten; den meisten Beamten kann vertraut werden; Bewertung der Höhe der Steuern für hohe Einkommen, mittlere Einkommen und niedrige Einkommen; Steuerbehörden stellen sicher, dass die Menschen ihre Steuern zahlen und behandeln alle in Übereinstimmung mit dem Gesetz; große private Unternehmen halten sich an Gesetze und versuchen Steuerzahlungen zu vermeiden; Korruption: geschätzte Häufigkeit von Korruption unter Politikern und Beamten; persönliche Erfahrungen mit Korruption in den letzten fünf Jahren: Häufigkeit von Bestechungsversuchen durch Beamte; Bewertung des Erfolgs der Regierung in den Bereichen Gesundheitsversorgung, Bereitstellung eines angemessenen Lebensstandards für Alte und im Umgang mit Sicherheitsbedrohungen. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Geburtsjahr; Jahre der Schulbildung; Bildung (länderspezifisch); höchster Bildungsbschluss; Erwerbsstatus; Wochenarbeitszeit; Arbeitsverhältnis; Zahl der Beschäftigten (Unternehmensgröße); Weisungsbefugnis; Anzahl der Mitarbeiter für die Weisungsbefugnis besteht; Art des Unternehmens: Profit vs. Non-Profit und öffentlich vs. privat; Beruf (ISCO/ILO-08); Hauptbeschäftigungsstatus; Zusammenleben mit einem Partner; Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft; Religionszugehörigkeit oder Konfession (länderspezifisch); Konfessionsgruppen; Kirchgangshäufigkeit; subjektive Schichteinstufung (Selbsteinstufung auf einer Oben-Unten-Skala); Wahlbeteiligung bei der letzten allgemeinen Wahl und gewählte länderspezifische Partei; Links-Rechts-Einstufung der gewählten Partei; Selbsteinschätzung der Zugehörigkeit zu einer ethnischen Gruppe 1 und 2 (länderspezifisch); Anzahl der Kinder im Haushalt; Anzahl der Kleinkinder im Haushalt; Haushaltsgröße; Einkommen des Befragten (länderspezifisch); Familieneinkommen (länderspezifisch); Geburtsland von Vater und Mutter; Familienstand; Urbanisierungsgrad des Wohnortes; Region (länderspezifisch). Informationen über Ehegatten/Partner zu folgenden Themen: Erwerbsstatus; wöchentliche Arbeitszeit; Arbeitsverhältnis; Weisungsbefugnis; Beruf (ISCO/ILO-08); Hauptbeschäftigungsstatus. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Befragten-ID; Datum des Interviews (Jahr, Monat, Tag); Kennzeichen für die Ersetzung von Fällen; Art der Datenerhebung; Gewicht; Ländercode ISO 3166, Ländercode/Sample ISO 3166; Ländercode Präfix ISO 3166

International Social Survey Programme: Environment III - ISSP 2010

Einstellung zum Umweltschutz. Präferierte staatliche Maßnahmen zumUmweltschutz. Themen: Privates Unternehmertum als beste Möglichkeit zur Lösung derökonomischen Probleme; Verantwortung der Regierung zur Verringerung derEinkommensdifferenzen bei den Bürgern; Postmaterialismus-Index;perzipierte Wissenschaftsgläubigkeit der Bevölkerung; Bewertung vonWissenschaft (Skala); erwartete Lösung der Umweltschutzprobleme durchdie Wissenschaft; Sorge um die Zukunft der Umwelt; Heiligkeit derNatur; Umweltzerstörung und modernes Leben; Einschätzung der Auswirkungdes Populationszuwachses auf der Erde; übertriebeneUmweltempfindlichkeit; Beurteilung des Gegensatzes von Umweltschutz undökonomischem Wachstum; Einstellung zu Tierversuchen in der Pharmazie;ökonomisches Wachstum gefährdet die Umwelt; Bereitschaft zu höherenPreisen bzw. höheren Steuern oder zur Akzeptanz von Einschnitten beimLebensstandard zugunsten des Schutzes der Umwelt; Partizipation anumweltschutzrelevanten Aktivitäten; Selbsteinstufung der Beteiligung amUmweltschutz; Wichtigkeit von Umweltschutz; Einschätzung der Bedeutungeines eigenen Beitrags zum Umweltschutz; übertriebene Darstellung derUmweltgefährdung in der Öffentlichkeit; Kenntnis der Wirkungsweise vonAntibiotika auf Bakterien und Viren; Verständnis der Evolutionstheorie;Chemikalien als Ursache für Krebs; Kenntnisse der Gefährlichkeit vonRadioaktivität; Kenntnis der Ursache für den Treibhauseffekt;empfundene Gefährdung der Umwelt allgemein und für den Betroffenenselbst durch Autoabgase; Luftverschmutzung durch Industrieabgase;Einstufung der Umweltgefährdung durch Pestizide und Chemikalien in derLandwirtschaft, durch Wasserverschmutzung durch die Erwärmung derAtmosphäre (Treibhauseffekt) und durch Genmanipulation beiNutzpflanzen; staatliche Intervention und Rolle der Wirtschaft beimUmweltschutz; Bewertung des Einsatzes von Staat, Industrie undBevölkerung für die Umwelt; Einstellung zu internationalen Abkommen undden Bemühungen ärmerer Länder zum Schutz der Umwelt; Auswirkungen vonUmweltschutz auf die Wirtschaftsentwicklung; Wahrscheinlichkeit einesAtomunfalls; Vertrauen in Glaubwürdigkeit von Umweltinformationenverschiedener Institutionen; eigene Beteiligung am Recycling;Häufigkeit des Verzichts auf das Auto aus Umweltgründen; Mitgliedschaftin einer Umweltschutzorganisation; eigene umweltpolitische Aktivitätendurch Beteiligung an Unterschriftslisten, Geldspenden sowie Beteiligungan Demonstrationen. Optional - nicht in allen Ländern: Wissenstest: ein Loch in derErdatmosphäre verursacht den Klimawandel; Wissen über den Zusammenhangzwischen der Nutzung fossiler Brennstoffe und dem Klimawandel. Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Zusammenleben mit einem Partner;Familienstand; Bildung; Beschäftigungsstatus; Beruf (ISCO-Code);Beschäftigung im öffentlichen Sektor; Wochenarbeitszeit; Einkommen desBefragten; Haushaltseinkommen; Mitarbeiterzahl; Vorgesetztenfunktion;Haushaltsgröße; Haushaltstypologie; Ortsgröße; Region;Religionszugehörigkeit; Kirchgangshäufigkeit; Selbsteinschätzung derSchichtzugehörigkeit; Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft; Parteipräferenz;Wahlbeteiligung bei der letzten Wahl; Kinderzahl; Anzahl derKleinkinder; Region (länderspezifisch); Erhebungszeitpunkt (Jahr, Monatund Tag des Interviews); in einigen Ländern: ethnische Zugehörigkeitdes Befragten. Informationen über den Ehepartner bzw. Partner: Beschäftigungsstatus,Wochenarbeitszeit; Arbeitsverhältnis; Vorgesetztenfunktion, Beruf(ISCO 1988); Haupterwerbsstatus. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Case substitution flag, Erhebungsverfahren,Gewichtungsfaktor