Reply to Comments of Steuernagel on the Afshar's Experiment

We respond to criticism of our paper "Paradox in Wave-Paricle Duality for Non-Perturbative Measurements". We disagree with Steuernagel's derivation of the visibility of the Afshar experiment. To calculate the fringe visibility, Steuernagel utilizes two different experimental situations, i.e. the wire grid in the pattern minima and in the pattern maxima. In our assessment, this proceduere cannot lead to the correct result for the complementarity properties of wave-particle in one particular experimental set-up

Revision del proceso de la administracion estrategica, estudio del paradigma de estrategia, estructura y equifinalidad: una investigacion empirica en empresas en noreste de México

Palabras claves: Caos, estrategia, estructura, equifinalidad, , situacional, sistemasResumen. Esta investigación busca comprobar empíricamente el paradigma entre estrategiaestructura y equifinalidad en empresas del noreste de México. Se llevó al cabo un estudio a través de la aplicación de cuestionarios a negocios de esa parte del país. Se consideró como variable independiente la existencia del modelo de Chandler acerca de que la “estructura organizacional sigue a la estrategia”. La variable dependiente, se establece como la obtención de resultados equifinales (igualmente finales), con o sin la existencia del paradigma de estrategia-estructura. Dos contribuciones emergen de este estudio. La primera consiste en haber encontrado que efectivamente existe una relación entre estrategia y estructura en las empresas investigadas. La segunda, y más importante, es que se evidenció, con prueba empírica, el paradigma de equifinalidad. Se necesita mayor investigación para poder determinar las razones para el funcionamiento de este paradigma. La naturaleza holística de la Administración Estratégica puede ser la que explique el éxito final, “sin importar los inicios”.Key words: Chaos, equifinality, situational, strategy, structure, systemAbstract. The objective of this research is to test empirically the strategy, structure and equifinality paradigm in northeast México companies. Businesses, in this region of the country, were studied through the application of a questionnaire. The paradigm of Chandler regarding “structure follows strategy” is the independent variable. The dependent variable is established as finding equifinal results with or without the presence of the strategy -structure paradigm. From this study, two contributions materialize. The first one is that it is effectively true the relationship between strategy and structure. The second and more important one is that the equifinality paradigm was in fact true and empirical evidence was obtained. To determine the reasons for the functioning of this paradigm, more research is needed. “No matter the beginnings”, final success may be explained by the wholistic nature of management

Revisión del proceso de la administración estratégica, estudio del paradigma de estrategia, estructura y equifinalidad: Una investigación empírica en empresas del noreste de Mexico

The objective of this research is to test empirically the strategy, structure and equifinalityparadigm in northeast México companies. Businesses, in this region of the country, were studied through the application of a questionnaire. The paradigm of Chandler regarding “structure follows strategy” is the independent variable. The dependent variable is established as finding equifinal results with or without the presence of the strategy-structure paradigm. From this study, two contributions materialize. The first one is that it is effectively true the relationship between strategy and structure. The second and more important one is that the equifinality paradigm was in fact true and empirical evidence was obtained. To determine the reasons for the functioning of this paradigm, more research is needed. “No matter the beginnings”, final success may be explained by the wholistic nature of management.Esta investigación busca comprobar empíricamente el paradigma entre estrategiaestructura y equifinalidad en empresas del noreste de México. Se llevó al cabo un estudio a través de la aplicación de cuestionarios a negocios de esa parte del país. Se consideró como variable independiente la existencia del modelo de Chandler acerca de que la “estructura organizacional sigue a la estrategia”. La variable dependiente, se establece como la obtención de resultados equifinales (igualmente finales), con o sin la existencia del paradigma de estrategia-estructura. Dos contribuciones emergen de este estudio. La primera consiste en haber encontrado que efectivamente existe una relación entre estrategia y estructura en las empresas investigadas. La segunda, y más importante, es que se evidenció, con prueba empírica, el paradigma de equifinalidad

Modeling of celiac disease immune response and the therapeutic effect of potential drugs

BACKGROUND: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder that occurs in genetically predisposed people and is caused by a reaction to the gluten protein found in wheat, which leads to intestinal villous atrophy. Currently there is no drug for treatment of CD. The only known treatment is lifelong gluten-free diet. The main aim of this work is to develop a mathematical model of the immune response in CD patients and to predict the efficacy of a transglutaminase-2 (TG-2) inhibitor as a potential drug for treatment of CD. RESULTS: A thorough analysis of the developed model provided the following results: 1. TG-2 inhibitor treatment leads to insignificant decrease in antibody levels, and hence remains higher than in healthy individuals. 2. TG-2 inhibitor treatment does not lead to any significant increase in villous area. 3. The model predicts that the most effective treatment of CD would be the use of gluten peptide analogs that antagonize the binding of immunogenic gluten peptides to APC. The model predicts that the treatment of CD by such gluten peptide analogs can lead to a decrease in antibody levels to those of normal healthy people, and to a significant increase in villous area. CONCLUSIONS: The developed mathematical model of immune response in CD allows prediction of the efficacy of TG-2 inhibitors and other possible drugs for the treatment of CD: their influence on the intestinal villous area and on the antibody levels. The model also allows to understand what processes in the immune response have the strongest influence on the efficacy of different drugs. This model could be applied in the pharmaceutical R&D arena for the design of drugs against autoimmune small intestine disorders and on the design of their corresponding clinical trials

Baybayin Character Instance Detection

The Philippine Government recently passed the "National Writing System Act," which promotes using Baybayin in Philippine texts. In support of this effort to promote the use of Baybayin, we present a computer vision system which can aid individuals who cannot easily read Baybayin script. In this paper, we survey the existing methods of identifying Baybayin scripts using computer vision and machine learning techniques and discuss their capabilities and limitations. Further, we propose a Baybayin Optical Character Instance Segmentation and Classification model using state-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) that detect Baybayin character instances in an image then outputs the Latin alphabet counterparts of each character instance in the image. Most existing systems are limited to character-level image classification and often misclassify or not natively support characters with diacritics. In addition, these existing models often have specific input requirements that limit it to classifying Baybayin text in a controlled setting, such as limitations in clarity and contrast, among others. To our knowledge, our proposed method is the first end-to-end character instance detection model for Baybayin, achieving a mAP50 score of 93.30%, mAP50-95 score of 80.50%, and F1-Score of 84.84%

Entropy production and wave packet dynamics in the Fock space of closed chaotic many-body systems

Highly excited many-particle states in quantum systems such as nuclei, atoms, quantum dots, spin systems, quantum computers etc., can be considered as ``chaotic'' superpositions of mean-field basis states (Slater determinants, products of spin or qubit states). This is due to a very high level density of many-body states that are easily mixed by a residual interaction between particles (quasi-particles). For such systems, we have derived simple analytical expressions for the time dependence of energy width of wave packets, as well as for the entropy, number of principal basis components and inverse participation ratio, and tested them in numerical experiments. It is shown that the energy width $\Delta (t)$ increases linearly and very quickly saturates. The entropy of a system increases quadratically, $S(t) \sim t^2$ at small times, and after, can grow linearly, $S(t) \sim t$, before the saturation. Correspondingly, the number of principal components determined by the entropy, $N_{pc} \sim exp{(S(t))}$, or by the inverse participation ratio, increases exponentially fast before the saturation. These results are explained in terms of a cascade model which describes the flow of excitation in the Fock space of basis components. Finally, a striking phenomenon of damped oscillations in the Fock space at the transition to an equilibrium is discussed.Comment: RevTex, 14 pages including 12 eps-figure