8,275 research outputs found
Statistical models of mixtures with a biaxial nematic phase
We consider a simple Maier-Saupe statistical model with the inclusion of
disorder degrees of freedom to mimic the phase diagram of a mixture of rod-like
and disc-like molecules. A quenched distribution of shapes leads to the
existence of a stable biaxial nematic phase, in qualitative agreement with
experimental findings for some ternary lyotropic liquid mixtures. An annealed
distribution, however, which is more adequate to liquid mixtures, precludes the
stability of this biaxial phase. We then use a two-temperature formalism, and
assume a separation of relaxation times, to show that a partial degree of
annealing is already sufficient to stabilize a biaxial nematic structure.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure
Existence of positive solutions of a superlinear boundary value problem with indefinite weight
We deal with the existence of positive solutions for a two-point boundary
value problem associated with the nonlinear second order equation
. The weight is allowed to change its sign. We assume
that the function is
continuous, and satisfies suitable growth conditions, so as the case
, with , is covered. In particular we suppose that is
large near infinity, but we do not require that is non-negative in a
neighborhood of zero. Using a topological approach based on the Leray-Schauder
degree we obtain a result of existence of at least a positive solution that
improves previous existence theorems.Comment: 12 pages, 4 PNG figure
Quantum walks can unitarily match random walks on finite graphs
Quantum and random walks were proven to be equivalent on finite graphs by
demonstrating how to construct a time-dependent random walk sharing the exact
same evolution of vertex probability of any given discrete-time coined quantum
walk. Such equivalence stipulated a deep connection between the processes that
is far stronger than simply considering quantum walks as quantum analogues of
random walks. This article expands on the connection between quantum and random
walks by demonstrating a procedure that constructs a time-dependent quantum
walk matching the evolution of vertex probability of any given random walk in a
unitary way. It is a trivial fact that a quantum walk measured at all time
steps of its evolution degrades to a random walk. More interestingly, the
method presented describes a quantum walk that matches a random walk without
measurement operations, such that the unitary evolution of the quantum walk
captures the probability evolution of the random walk. The construction
procedure is general, covering both homogeneous and non-homogeneous random
walks. For the homogeneous random walk case, the properties of unitary
evolution imply that the quantum walk described is time-dependent since
homogeneous quantum walks do not converge for arbitrary initial conditionsComment: 9 pages, 1 figur
Influência do uso da terra no Nordeste Paraense sobre indicadores físico-químicos de qualidade da água do escoamento superficial no solo.
RESUMO: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a hidrogeoquímica do escoamento superficial em solos de diferentes ecossistemas, na mesobacia dos igarapés contíguos Timboteua e Buiuna (afluentes do rio Marapanim) no nordeste paraense, monitorando-se duas variáveis físicoquímicas da água (condutividade elétrica e pH). Foram alocadas três parcelas experimentais (1m2) em seis ecossistemas, sob mesmas condições biofísicas de solo e clima, totalizando 18 parcelas de tratamento. Instalaram-se também na mesma bacia três coletores de água de chuva e dois pluviômetros. No período de janeiro a junho de 2010, foram coletadas 234 amostras água de chuva e de escoamento superficial. O pH apresentou-se mais ácido nas amostras de água da chuva, seguido pela Capoeira e Sistema Agroflorestal (com preparo por derruba-e-queima), que pode estar relacionado à concentração de material orgânico em decomposição. Os agroecossistemas Roça (derruba-e-queima), Sistema Agroflorestal (com preparo por corte-e-trituração) e Pastagem se destacaram apresentando os maiores valores de condutividade elétrica (CE). O manejo do solo parece influenciar a CE e o pH. Abstract: The objective of this study was to characterize the hydrogeochemistry of the overland flow, in the watershed of the Timboteua and Buiuna streams (tributaries of the Marapanim River), Northeast of Pará, through measurements of two physico-chemical variables of water (electrical conductivity and pH). It was placed three experimental plots (1m2) in each six ecosystems, under the same biophysical conditions of soil and climate, summing up 18 treatment plots. It was also installed three rainwater collectors and two rain gauges in the same watershed. In the period January to June/ 2010, it was collected 234 rainwater and overland flow samples. The pH was more acidic in rainwater samples, followed by Capoeira and agroforestry system (prepared by slash-and-burn) overland flow samples, what may be related to the soil organic matter decomposition. Agroecosystems (slash-and-burn), Agroforestry system (chop-and-mulch) and Pasture overland flow were distinguished by higher electrical conductivity (EC). Soil management seems to influence both EC and pH
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