Pasteless electrode for clinical use

Abstract--Th

Medium-size-vessel vasculitis

Medium-size-artery vasculitides do occur in childhood and manifest, in the main, as polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), cutaneous PAN and Kawasaki disease. Of these, PAN is the most serious, with high morbidity and not inconsequential mortality rates. New classification criteria for PAN have been validated that will have value in epidemiological studies and clinical trials. Renal involvement is common and recent therapeutic advances may result in improved treatment options. Cutaneous PAN is a milder disease characterised by periodic exacerbations and often associated with streptococcal infection. There is controversy as to whether this is a separate entity or part of the systemic PAN spectrum. Kawasaki disease is an acute self-limiting systemic vasculitis, the second commonest vasculitis in childhood and the commonest cause of childhood-acquired heart disease. Renal manifestations occur and include tubulointerstitial nephritis and renal failure. An infectious trigger and a genetic predisposition seem likely. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IV-Ig) and aspirin are effective therapeutically, but in resistant cases, either steroid or infliximab have a role. Greater understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in these three types of vasculitis and better long-term follow-up data will lead to improved therapy and prediction of prognosis

Capturing sequence diversity in metagenomes with comprehensive and scalable probe design.

Metagenomic sequencing has the potential to transform microbial detection and characterization, but new tools are needed to improve its sensitivity. Here we present CATCH, a computational method to enhance nucleic acid capture for enrichment of diverse microbial taxa. CATCH designs optimal probe sets, with a specified number of oligonucleotides, that achieve full coverage of, and scale well with, known sequence diversity. We focus on applying CATCH to capture viral genomes in complex metagenomic samples. We design, synthesize, and validate multiple probe sets, including one that targets the whole genomes of the 356 viral species known to infect humans. Capture with these probe sets enriches unique viral content on average 18-fold, allowing us to assemble genomes that could not be recovered without enrichment, and accurately preserves within-sample diversity. We also use these probe sets to recover genomes from the 2018 Lassa fever outbreak in Nigeria and to improve detection of uncharacterized viral infections in human and mosquito samples. The results demonstrate that CATCH enables more sensitive and cost-effective metagenomic sequencing

Crystal field effects in the compounds RbFeCl\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3e·2H\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eO and CsFeCl\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3e·2H\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eO

\u3cp\u3eMössbauer experiments on the compounds RbFeCl\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3e·2H\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eO and CsFeCl\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3e·2H\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eO have been performed in the temperature region of 4.2 to 300 K. The temperature dependence of the center shift and the quadrupole splitting is reported. A qualitative analysis of these data indicates an orbital-doublet ground state for the octahedrally coordinated ferrous ion. This is confirmed by the results from experiments in an applied magnetic field. A quantitative analysis of the quadrupole splitting data, using the crystal field model, results in the assignment of a singlet 685±50 cm\u3csup\u3e-1\u3c/sup\u3e above the orbital-doublet. The rhombic distortion will lift the degeneracy of the orbital ground state by a splitting of no more than 30 cm\u3csup\u3e-\u3c/sup\u3e. Single-crystal absorbers of RbFeCl\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3e·2H\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3eO were measured along the crystal axes, as well as in several directions within the bc plane, in order to determine the principal axes of the electric field gradient tensor (EFG). Additional experiments were performed in the paramagnetic region, by the application of an external magnetic field, and in the magnetically ordered region. Analysis of the spectra results in the assignment of the Cl\u3csub\u3eI\u3c/sub\u3eFeCl\u3csub\u3eI\u3c/sub\u3e axis as the maing axis of the EFG tensor.\u3c/p\u3

155-Gd MÖSSBAUER STUDY OF GdNi5

On a fait des mesures de l'effet Mössbauer sur du GdNi5 avec la résonance 86,54 keV du 155Gd. La source fut obtenue par irradiation aux neutrons de SmPd3 et a été testée sur un absorbeur à niveau unique GdCs2NaCl6 et on a constaté qu'elle émettait une seule raie. Les spectres ont été enregistrés à 1,15 K et 43,5 K, ce qui correspond à des situations très en dessous et très au-dessus de la température de mise en ordre magnétique. Une analyse par moindres carrés a donné Heff = - 252 ± 5 kOe pour le champ hyperfin efficace, Vzz = + 10,3 ± 0,l × 1017 V/cm² pour la composante principale du tenseur gradient champ électrique I. S. = 0,27 ± 0,01 mm/s pour le déplacement isomérique et que ξ = 0,05 ± 0,01 pour l'amplitude d'interférence. Les rapports des valeurs de g nucléaire (g(86,54)/g(0) = + 1,20 ± 0,0l) et des moments quadrupôles nucléaires (Q(86,54)/Q(0) = + 0,085 ± 0,005) obtenus sont comparés aux résultats d'autres auteurs. On donne une discussion du signe du champ hyperfin observé. Le détail des résultats obtenus pour GdNi5 sera publié dans Physica B en même temps que les résultats d'un certain nombre de composés de la même famille.Mössbauer measurements were performed on GdNi5, using the 86.54 keV resonance of 155Gd. The source was prepared by neutron irradiation of SmPd3, was tested versus a single line absorber of GdCs2NaCl6, and proved to emit a single line. Spectra were recorded at 1.15 K and at 43.5 K, corresponding to situations well below and well above the magnetic ordering temperature. A least squares analysis yielded Heff = - 252 ± 5 kOe for the effective hyperfine field, Vzz = + 10.3 ± 0.1 × 1017 V/cm2 for the main component of the electric field gradient tensor, I. S. = 0.27 ± 0.01 mm/s for the isomer shift, and ξ = 0.05 ± 0.01 for the interference amplitude. The obtained ratio's of the nuclear g-values (g(86.54)/g(0) = + 1.20 ± 0.01) and of the nuclear quadrupole moments (Q(86.54)/Q(0) = + 0.085 ± 0.005) are compared with results of other workers. A discussion of the sign of the observed hyperfine field is given. Detailed account of the results obtained for GdNi5 will be published in Physica B together with results on a number of related compounds