Bubble kinetics in a steady-state column of aqueous foam

We measure the liquid content, the bubble speeds, and the distribution of bubble sizes, in a vertical column of aqueous foam maintained in steady-state by continuous bubbling of gas into a surfactant solution. Nearly round bubbles accumulate at the solution/foam interface, and subsequently rise with constant speed. Upon moving up the column, they become larger due to gas diffusion and more polyhedral due to drainage. The size distribution is monodisperse near the bottom and polydisperse near the top, but there is an unexpected range of intermediate heights where it is bidisperse with small bubbles decorating the junctions between larger bubbles. We explain the evolution in both bidisperse and polydisperse regimes, using Laplace pressure differences and taking the liquid fraction profile as a given.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Evasion and countermeasures techniques to detect dynamic binary instrumentation frameworks

Dynamic Binary Instrumentation (DBI) is a dynamic analysis technique that allows arbitrary code to be executed when a program is running. DBI frameworks have started to be used to analyze malicious applications. As a result, different approaches have merged to detect and avoid them. Commonly referred to as split personality malware or evasive malware are pieces of malicious software that incorporate snippets of code to detect when they are under DBI framework analysis and thus mimic benign behavior. Recent studies have questioned the use of DBI in malware analysis, arguing that it increases the attack surface. In this article, we examine the anti-instrumentation techniques that abuse desktop-based DBI frameworks and existing countermeasures to determine if it is possible to reduce the exploitable attack surface introduced by these DBI frameworks. In particular, we review the related literature to identify (i) the existing set of DBI framework evasion techniques and (ii) the existing set of countermeasures to avoid them. We also analyze and compare the taxonomies introduced in the literature, and propose a new taxonomy that expands and completes the previous taxonomies. Our findings demonstrate that despite advances in DBI framework protections that make them quite suitable for system security purposes, more efforts are needed to reduce the attack surface that they add during application analysis. Only 12 of the 26 evasion techniques covered in this document have countermeasures, threatening the transparency of DBI frameworks. Furthermore, the impact in terms of performance overhead and effectiveness of these countermeasures in real-world situations is unknown. Finally, there are only proofs of concept for 9 of these 26 techniques, which makes it difficult to validate and study how they evade the analysis in order to counter them. We also point out some relevant issues in this context and outline ways of future research directions in the use of DBI frameworks for system security purposes. © 2022 Copyright held by the owner/author(s)

Seleção de modelo volumétrico para árvores de paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Duck) oriundas de enriquecimento de clareiras em área de floresta intensivamente explorada.

Como medida de regeneração de florestas exploradas é necessário a prática de técnicas silviculturais, visando, entre outros objetivos, reestabelecer o potencial da floresta para futuras colheitas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer equação de volume a ser usada no cálculo do volume das árvores em pé da espécie Paricá na área em estudo. A área objeto do estudo está compreendida no município de Dom Eliseu, nordeste paraense, na Fazenda Shet, onde foram coletados os dados de 57 árvores da espécie Paricá e para cada uma foi determinado o volume real através da metodologia proposta por Smalian, coletando o diâmetro ou circunferência das seções do fuste a cada 2 metros. Os modelos de simples entrada, os quais utilizam apenas o DAP como variável, revelaram altos valores de erro padrão residual (Syxr%), acima dos 39%, enquanto que as equações de dupla entrada, as quais utilizam as variáveis DAP e altura comercial, tendem a se ajustar melhor aos dados deste povoamento, ainda que haja possíveis erros cometidos durante a medição da altura no campo

Ingresso e mortalidade de uma floresta antropizada por exploração madeireira em Dom Eliseu - PA.

Alguns dos principais processos que compreendem a dinâmica florestal são ingresso e mortalidade. Nos ecossistemas antropizados, e muitas vezes degradados, informações sobre dinâmica demográfica das espécies florestais são essenciais para manejar e conservar estas florestas. A área de estudo localiza-se na Fazenda Shet no Município de Dom Eliseu ? PA. A área de estudo compreende 506 ha, nessa foram e instaladas 30 parcelas permanentes de 50mx50m (7,5 ha, área amostral acumulada). Nas parcelas foram realizadas duas medições em 2009 (maio) e 2012 (agosto), onde foram medidas o diâmetro e identificadas botanicamente todas as árvores com DAP ≥5cm. Os dados foram processados e analisados pelo programa computacional MFT. Resultados sobre as taxas de mortalidade e ingresso de árvores e biomassa basal e diversidade de espécies são apresentados..... (?). Em termos de dinâmica de entradas e saídas de árvores observou-se um forte dinamismo, sendo que a mortalidade, em taxas muito mais elevadas. Contudo, a biomassa florestal ainda continua com saldo positivo, que é compensada pelo crescimento das espécies remanescentes. A evolução sucessional da floresta foi claramente observada nesse curto período avaliado, caracterizada pela diminuição de espécies tipicamente pioneiras, como Cecropia spp, que apresentaram as maiores taxas de mortalidade e no grupo de espécies ingressantes foram identificadas várias espécies com menor predominância das pioneiras

Breakdown of Energy Equipartition in a 2D Binary Vibrated Granular Gas

We report experiments on the equipartition of kinetic energy between grains made of two different materials in a mixture of grains vibrated in 2 dimensions. In general, the two types of grains do not attain the same granular temperature, Tg = 1/2m v^2. However, the ratio of the two temperatures is constant in the bulk of the system and independent of the vibration velocity. The ratio depends strongly on the ratio of mass densities of the grains, but is not sensitive to the inelasticity of grains. Also, this ratio is insensitive to compositional variables of the mixture such as the number fraction of each component and the total number density. We conclude that a single granular temperature, as traditionally defined, does not characterize a multi-component mixture.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letters, updated reference

Electrical conductivity of dispersions: from dry foams to dilute suspensions

We present new data for the electrical conductivity of foams in which the liquid fraction ranges from two to eighty percent. We compare with a comprehensive collection of prior data, and we model all results with simple empirical formul\ae. We achieve a unified description that applies equally to dry foams and emulsions, where the droplets are highly compressed, as well as to dilute suspensions of spherical particles, where the particle separation is large. In the former limit, Lemlich's result is recovered; in the latter limit, Maxwell's result is recovered

Genome-wide analysis of mitochondrial DNA copy number reveals loci implicated in nucleotide metabolism, platelet activation, and megakaryocyte proliferation

Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) measured from blood specimens is a minimally invasive marker of mitochondrial function that exhibits both inter-individual and intercellular variation. To identify genes involved in regulating mitochondrial function, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 465,809 White individuals from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium and the UK Biobank (UKB). We identified 133 SNPs with statistically significant, independent effects associated with mtDNA-CN across 100 loci. A combination of fine-mapping, variant annotation, and co-localization analyses was used to prioritize genes within each of the 133 independent sites. Putative causal genes were enriched for known mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes (p = 3.09 × 1

SAR TO OPTICAL IMAGE SYNTHESIS FOR CLOUD REMOVAL WITH GENERATIVE ADVERSARIAL NETWORKS

Optical imagery is often affected by the presence of clouds. Aiming to reduce their effects, different reconstruction techniques have been proposed in the last years. A common alternative is to extract data from active sensors, like Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), because they are almost independent on the atmospheric conditions and solar illumination. On the other hand, SAR images are more complex to interpret than optical images requiring particular handling. Recently, Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGANs) have been widely used in different image generation tasks presenting state-of-the-art results. One application of cGANs is learning a nonlinear mapping function from two images of different domains. In this work, we combine the fact that SAR images are hardly affected by clouds with the ability of cGANS for image translation in order to map optical images from SAR ones so as to recover regions that are covered by clouds. Experimental results indicate that the proposed solution achieves better classification accuracy than SAR based classification