Hydrogen production by Clostridium cellulolyticum a cellulolytic and hydrogen-producing bacteria using sugarcane bagasse

Hydrogen (H2) production by Clostridium cellulolyticum was investigated. Anaerobic batch reactors were operated with cellobiose (2 g/L) and pretreated sugarcane bagasse (SCB) (2 g/L) using a hydrothermal system to observe the effects of carbon source on H2 production. Salts (NH4Cl, NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2) and vitamins (biotin, nicotinamide, p-aminobenzoic acid, thiamine, pantothenic acid, pyridoxamine, cyanocobalamin, riboflavin, folic and lipoic acid) were supplemented from stock solutions at different volumes percentages, ranging from 0 to 5%. The optimal concentration was 2.5% and the strain used both substrates and produced H2 which was higher for cellobiose (14.9±0.2 mmol/L) than for SCB (7.6±0.2 mmol/L), although the phase was much smaller when SCB (59.9 h) was used in relation to the assay with cellobiose (164 h). H2 was produced from SCB primarily through the fermentation of lactic and acetic acids.(undefined)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The genomic and phenotypic diversity of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Natural variation within species reveals aspects of genome evolution and function. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is an important model for eukaryotic biology, but researchers typically use one standard laboratory strain. To extend the usefulness of this model, we surveyed the genomic and phenotypic variation in 161 natural isolates. We sequenced the genomes of all strains, finding moderate genetic diversity (π = 3 × 10(-3) substitutions/site) and weak global population structure. We estimate that dispersal of S. pombe began during human antiquity (∼340 BCE), and ancestors of these strains reached the Americas at ∼1623 CE. We quantified 74 traits, finding substantial heritable phenotypic diversity. We conducted 223 genome-wide association studies, with 89 traits showing at least one association. The most significant variant for each trait explained 22% of the phenotypic variance on average, with indels having larger effects than SNPs. This analysis represents a rich resource to examine genotype-phenotype relationships in a tractable model

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN