Operative instruments to support public authorities and industries for the supply of raw materials: A decision support tool to evaluate the sustainable exploitation of extractive waste facilities

The need to guarantee access to raw materials (RM) has stimulated EU policies to find alternative and integrative sources to exploit. RM can be recovered from anthropogenic deposits and from productive cycles, applying respectively landfill mining and circular economy approaches. In order to assess, quickly, whether extractive waste facilities prove to be sufficiently rich to become potentially exploitable, the use of a Decision Support Tool (DST) is presented here. This tool investigates waste facilities both with quantitative (technical and economic) and qualitative (social and environmental) data. The outputs of the DST are represented by several possible scenarios, useful to decide if and how to approach extractive waste exploitation. After working on the structure of the DST, the produced support instrument has been tested and validated using data and processing flow chart of 3 real case studies: the one of Gorno (Zn-Pb) mining site is presented here

An energy, environmental, management and economic analysis of energy efficient system towards renewable energy community: The case study of multi-purpose energy community

The Renewable Energy Directive drives the European Countries to enhancement of independent energy systems and self-consumption users such as Renewable Energy Communities. The recent directives about energy communities represent a development of previous ones about energy sharing systems defined in the early 2000s. In this work, the past and current directives about energy sharing have been investigated by considering technical and management aspects. The social, economic, technical aspects of Renewable Energy Communities have defined in order to show the advantage of them and their upgrade with respect to previous energy sharing directives. In addition, a case study has been considered by using an energy, environmental and economic analysis in a multi-purpose energy community by considering three different configurations for end-users: simple users, energy close sharing system and energy community. The energy community loads and energy conversion systems have been modelled and simulated by using a commercial software. The results about community configuration by following recent directive show an annual electricity self-consumption index equal to 56%. The renewable energy community allows to avoid 39.5 t/y of CO2 emissions with respect to the traditional configuration without sharing approach. The index of renewable energy source local self-consumption of energy community results higher than the sharing system referred to previous directives. People involved in this community could be more aware for environment issues and they could develop a more sustainable attitude

An energy, environmental, management and economic analysis of energy efficient system towards renewable energy community: The case study of multi-purpose energy community

The Renewable Energy Directive drives the European Countries to enhancement of independent energy systems and self-consumption users such as Renewable Energy Communities. The recent directives about energy communities represent a development of previous ones about energy sharing systems defined in the early 2000s. In this work, the past and current directives about energy sharing have been investigated by considering technical and management aspects. The social, economic, technical aspects of Renewable Energy Communities have defined in order to show the advantage of them and their upgrade with respect to previous energy sharing directives. In addition, a case study has been considered by using an energy, environmental and economic analysis in a multi-purpose energy community by considering three different configurations for end-users: simple users, energy close sharing system and energy community. The energy community loads and energy conversion systems have been modelled and simulated by using a commercial software. The results about community configuration by following recent directive show an annual electricity self-consumption index equal to 56%. The renewable energy community allows to avoid 39.5 t/y of CO2 emissions with respect to the traditional configuration without sharing approach. The index of renewable energy source local self-consumption of energy community results higher than the sharing system referred to previous directives. People involved in this community could be more aware for environment issues and they could develop a more sustainable attitude