Ethanol production of semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation from mixture of cotton gin waste and recycled paper sludge

Ethanol production from the steam-exploded mixture of 75% cotton gin waste and 25% recycled paper sludge in various conditions was investigated by semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSSF) consisting of a pre-hydrolysis and a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Four cases were studied: 24-h pre-hydrolysis + 48-h SSF (SSSF 24), 12-h pre-hydrolysis + 60-h SSF (SSSF 12), 72-h SSF, and 48-h hydrolysis + 24-h fermentation (SHF). The ethanol concentration, yield, and productivity of SSSF 24 were higher than those of the other operations. A model of SSF was used to simulate the data for four components in SSF. The analysis of the reaction rates of cellobiose, glucose, cell, and ethanol using the model and the parameters from the experiments showed that there was a transition point of the rate-controlling step at which the cell growth control in the initial 2 h was changed to the cellobiose reaction control in later period during ethanol production of SSF from the mixture

Removal of Residual Char Fines from Pyrolysis Vapors by Hot Gas Filtration

An NREL-designed vortex reactor fast pyrolysis process development unit (PDU) has been used to investigate hot gas filtration of biomass pyrolysis vapors. Most of the experimental work employed a conventional baghouse type of filter that used NEXTEL ™ ceramic cloth filter bags as the filter medium. A series of experimental runs demonstrated that hot gas filtered biocrude oils having less than 10 ppm of total alkali could be reproducibly made. Removal of the char cake from the filter elements proved to be a difficult problem. The char appears to become progressively more sintered to itself and the filter as a function of the cumulative biomass processed. Controlled oxidation does remove this dense char from the filters, but leaves residual ash on the filter cloth fibers. This ash may in turn cause subsequent biomass pyrolysis vapors that pass through the filter to produce additional char (coke) in the interstices of the filter cloth. Data are presented that suggest this char formation may contribute to a more rapid rise in the rate of filter blinding as measured by the increase in recovered filter pressure drop.