Moving landscapes: Film, vehicles and the travelling shot

This article maps out the cinematic usage of ‘travelling shots’, or shots created through affixing a camera to a vehicle. This article initially examines the earliest examples of such shots, the nineteenth century train-mounted ‘Phantom Rides’ that synthesized two iconic technologies of modernity, rail and film, to create a form of camera movement that demonstrated the new technologies’ mastery of space. This article asks what happened to this trope of movement as prowess. To this end, using the conceptual frameworks provided by film historian Tom Gunning’s concept of a ‘cinema of attractions’ and fellow film historian Charles Musser’s concept of a ‘cinema of contemplation’, narrative films are analysed in relation to how the travelling shot was co-opted for thematic means. Salient travelling shots, sourced from the nineteenth century Phantom Rides to 2009s Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince are used to trace the lineage of the travelling shot up into our present time. By examining how film-makers have adapted travelling shots for integration within narrative films, and accommodated such new cinematic and transport technologies as CGI and helicopters, a foundation for understanding the rhetorical impulses of travelling shots is developed

Accountancy on the periphery: the profession in Exeter to 1939

This paper presents an historical case study of the accountancy profession in the English cathedral city and county town of Exeter. Inter alia, it examines the idea that the formation of professional accountancy bodies served not only to enhance the collective economic status and social mobility of their members but also, in the case of a city like Exeter located on the periphery of the UK, to enhance their geographical mobility. The emphases of the paper are on the growth in the numbers of accountants, migration of accountants (both within the UK and overseas), and the overlapping 'jurisdictions' of accountants with other professions. Exeter's experience is compared and contrasted with that of the UK as a whole and suggestions are made for further research. The paper includes data on professional accountants qualifying in and/or working in Exeter from the late 1870s to the outbreak of the World War II in 1939.accountancy profession, Exeter, jurisdiction, migration, periphery,