22,693 research outputs found
Analyses of composite structures
Stiffness and strength analyses on composite cross-ply and helical wound cylinders and flat laminate structure
Four Measures of the Intracluster Medium Temperature and Their Relation to a Cluster's Dynamical State
We employ an ensemble of hydrodynamic cluster simulations to create spatially
and spectrally resolved images of quality comparable to Chandra's expected
performance. Emission from simulation mass elements is represented using the
XSPEC mekal program assuming 0.3 solar metallicity, and the resulting spectra
are fit with a single-temperature model. Despite significant departures from
isothermality in the cluster gas, single-temperature models produce acceptable
fits to 20,000 source photon spectra. The spectral fit temperature T_s is
generally lower than the mass weighted average temperature T_m due to the
influence of soft line emission from cooler gas being accreted as part of the
hierarchical clustering process. In a Chandra-like bandpass of 0.5 to 9.5 keV
we find a nearly uniform fractional bias of (T_m-T_s)/T_s = 20% with occasional
large deviations in smaller clusters. In the more traditional 2.0 to 9.5 keV
bandpass, the fractional deviation is scale-dependent and on average follows
the relation (T_m-T_s)/T_s = 0.2 log(T_m). This bias results in a spectral
mass-temperature relationship with slope about 1.6, intermediate between the
virial relation M ~ T_m^{3/2} and the observed relation M_{ICM} ~ T^2. Imaging
each cluster in the ensemble at 16 epochs in its evolutionary history, we
catalogue merger events with mass ratios exceeding 10% in order to investigate
the relationship between spectral temperature and proximity to a major merger
event. Clusters that are very cool relative to the mean mass-temperature
relationship lie preferentially close to a merger, suggesting a viable
observational method to cull a subset of dynamically young clusters from the
general population.Comment: 34 pages, including 2 tables and 14 figures (one in color). Compiled
using LaTeX 2.09 with graphics package and aaspp4 style. The simulated
spectral data files used in this paper are available for public consumption
at http://redshift.stanford.edu/bfm
Nodulação e fixação simbiótica de nitrogênio em feijoeiro com estirpes nativas de rizóbio, em solo tratado com lodo de esgoto.
Notas científicas
Ultrafast all-optical switching via coherent modulation of metamaterial absorption
We report on the demonstration of a femtosecond all-optical modulator
providing, without nonlinearity and therefore at arbitrarily low intensity,
ultrafast light-by-light control. The device engages the coherent interaction
of optical waves on a metamaterial nanostructure only 30 nm thick to
efficiently control absorption of near-infrared (750-1040 nm) femtosecond
pulses, providing switching contrast ratios approaching 3:1 with a modulation
bandwidth in excess of 2 THz. The functional paradigm illustrated here opens
the path to a family of novel meta-devices for ultra-fast optical data
processing in coherent networks.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Efeito do lodo de esgoto no crescimento e fixação simbiótica do N2 em feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
Avaliou-se o efeito do lodo de esgoto, como fonte de N, no crescimento do feijoeiro e na eficiência da simbiose com estirpes nativas e selecionadas de rizóbio. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, com os seguintes tratamentos: ausência de adubos químicos e de lodo, adubação química completa, doses 1, 2 e 3 de lodo de esgoto, feijão inoculado com estirpes eficientes de rizóbio + adubação nitrogenada no plantio, feijão inoculado + dose 1 de lodo , feijão inoculado + dose 2 de lodo e feijão inoculado + dose 3 de lodo. A dose 1 (14,8 t ha-1, na base seca) forneceu a metade do N mineral recomendado para a cultura do feijão , a dose 2 (29,6 t ha-1, na base seca) e a 3 (59,2 t ha-1, na base seca) forneceram, respectivamente, a quantidade de N mineral recomendada e duas vezes essa quantidade. Os maiores valores da atividade de redução do acetileno nos tratamentos com as doses 1 e 2 de lodo, em plantas que não foram inoculadas, demonstraram que a aplicação do lodo de esgoto pode aumentar a eficiência dos rizóbios nativos, quando comparados às bactérias oriundas do inoculante. Também demonstrou-se que a aplicação de fertilizante nitrogenado no feijoeiro pode ser substituída por quantidade adequada de lodo de esgoto.bitstream/CNPMA/5791/1/boletim_19.pd
Families of Graphs with W_r({G},q) Functions That Are Nonanalytic at 1/q=0
Denoting as the chromatic polynomial for coloring an -vertex
graph with colors, and considering the limiting function , a fundamental question in graph theory is the
following: is analytic or not at the origin
of the plane? (where the complex generalization of is assumed). This
question is also relevant in statistical mechanics because
, where is the ground state entropy of the
-state Potts antiferromagnet on the lattice graph , and the
analyticity of at is necessary for the large- series
expansions of . Although is analytic at for many
, there are some for which it is not; for these, has no
large- series expansion. It is important to understand the reason for this
nonanalyticity. Here we give a general condition that determines whether or not
a particular is analytic at and explains the
nonanalyticity where it occurs. We also construct infinite families of graphs
with functions that are non-analytic at and investigate the
properties of these functions. Our results are consistent with the conjecture
that a sufficient condition for to be analytic at is
that is a regular lattice graph . (This is known not to be a
necessary condition).Comment: 22 pages, Revtex, 4 encapsulated postscript figures, to appear in
Phys. Rev.
Self-energy corrections to anisotropic Fermi surfaces
The electron-electron interactions affect the low-energy excitations of an
electronic system and induce deformations of the Fermi surface. These effects
are especially important in anisotropic materials with strong correlations,
such as copper oxides superconductors or ruthenates. Here we analyze the
deformations produced by electronic correlations in the Fermi surface of
anisotropic two-dimensional systems, treating the regular and singular regions
of the Fermi surface on the same footing. Simple analytical expressions are
obtained for the corrections, based on local features of the Fermi surface. It
is shown that, even for weak local interactions, the behavior of the
self-energy is non trivial, showing a momentum dependence and a self-consistent
interplay with the Fermi surface topology. Results are compared to experimental
observations and to other theoretical results.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figure
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