67 research outputs found
Quantum Matching Pennies Game
A quantum version of the Matching Pennies (MP) game is proposed that is
played using an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm (EPR-Bohm) setting. We construct
the quantum game without using the state vectors, while considering only the
quantum mechanical joint probabilities relevant to the EPR-Bohm setting. We
embed the classical game within the quantum game such that the classical MP
game results when the quantum mechanical joint probabilities become
factorizable. We report new Nash equilibria in the quantum MP game that emerge
when the quantum mechanical joint probabilities maximally violate the
Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt form of Bell's inequality.Comment: Revised in light of referees' comments, submitted to Journal of the
Physical Society of Japan, 14 pages, 1 figur
Quantum random walks with history dependence
We introduce a multi-coin discrete quantum random walk where the amplitude
for a coin flip depends upon previous tosses. Although the corresponding
classical random walk is unbiased, a bias can be introduced into the quantum
walk by varying the history dependence. By mixing the biased random walk with
an unbiased one, the direction of the bias can be reversed leading to a new
quantum version of Parrondo's paradox.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, RevTe
Nitric oxide and the mechanism of rat vascular smooth muscle photorelaxation
Photorelaxation of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) was studied using segments of tail artery from normotensive rats (NTR) or spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Isolated vessels with intact endothelium were perfused with Krebs solution containing phenylephrine. Perfusion pressures were recorded while arteries were irradiated with either visible (VIS; lambda = 514.5 nm) or long wavelength ultra-violet (UVA; lambda = 366 nm) light. VIS light produced a transient vasodilator response: a rapid decrease of pressure that recovered fully during the period (6 min) of illumination. An irradiated artery was refractory to a second period of illumination delivered immediately after the first, but its photosensitivity recovered slowly in the dark, a process called 'repriming'. Photorelaxations generated by LTVA light were qualitatively different and consisted of two components: a phasic (or p-) component superimposed on a sustained (or s-) component. The p-component is similar to the VIS light-induced response in that both exhibit refractoriness and repriming depends upon endothelium-derived NO. In contrast, the s-component persists throughout the period of illumination and does not show refractoriness. We conclude that VIS light-induced photorelaxations and the p-component of UVA light-induced responses are mediated by the photochemical release of NO from a finite molecular 'store' that can be reconstituted afterwards in the dark. The s-component of the UVA light-induced response does not depend directly on endothelial NO and may result instead from a stimulatory effect of UVA light on soluble guanylate cyclase. NO-dependent photorelaxation is impaired in vessels from SHR while the s-component is enhanced.</p
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