65 research outputs found
The effect of internal and global modes on the radial distribution function of confined semiflexible polymers
The constraints imposed by nano- and microscale confinement on the
conformational degrees of freedom of thermally fluctuating biopolymers are
utilized in contemporary nano-devices to specifically elongate and manipulate
single chains. A thorough theoretical understanding and quantification of the
statistical conformations of confined polymer chains is thus a central concern
in polymer physics. We present an analytical calculation of the radial
distribution function of harmonically confined semiflexible polymers in the
weakly bending limit. Special emphasis has been put on a proper treatment of
global modes, i.e. the possibility of the chain to perform global movements
within the channel. We show that the effect of these global modes significantly
impacts the chain statistics in cases of weak and intermediate confinement.
Comparing our analytical model to numerical data from Monte Carlo simulations
we find excellent agreement over a broad range of parameters.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures typo corrected, slightly revised line of
reasoning, results unchange
Harmonically confined, semiflexible polymer in a channel: response to a stretching force and spatial distribution of the endpoints
We consider an inextensible, semiflexible polymer or worm-like chain which is
confined in the transverse direction by a parabolic potential and subject to a
longitudinal force at the ends, so that the polymer is stretched out and
backfolding is negligible. Simple analytic expressions for the partition
function, valid in this regime, are obtained for chains of arbitrary length
with a variety of boundary conditions at the ends. The spatial distribution of
the end points or radial distribution function is also analyzed.Comment: 14 pages including figure
Isolation and individual electrical stimulation of single smooth-muscle cells from the urinary bladder of the pig
In contrast to striated muscle, measurements on strips of smooth muscle cannot be uniquely interpreted in terms of an array of contractile units. Therefore scaling down to the single-cell level is necessary to gain detailed understanding of the contractile process in this type of muscle. The present study describes the development of a method for isolating contractile single smooth muscle cells from pig urinary bladders. Contractile responses evoked by individual electrical stimulation were used as a measure of cell quality during development of the method. Responses were evaluated by measuring latency, contraction and relaxation times, as indicated by visible length changes, and stored on-line in a computer. Initial length, relative shortening and shortening speed were determined by measuring cell lengths in previously timed still video frames using a computer-controlled crosshair device. Increase of stimulus pulse duration resulted in improved responses, indicating that the observed shortening represented a physiological contractile response. Ultimately this method of evaluation was applied to two sets of cell preparations obtained by two different methods, one using only collagenase digestion, the other using mechanical manipulation as well. Both sets showed two main patterns of response to electrical stimulation: a pattern of contraction upon stimulation followed by enhanced contraction when stimulation was switched off (CK), and a pattern of contraction upon stimulation followed by relaxation when the stimulus was switched off (CR). The set of preparations containing the highest percentage of CR cells was found to be superior (i.e. greater initial length, shorter latency and contraction times, increased shortening and higher shortening speed). The method of isolation used for this set gives a high yield of contractile cells available for experimental use over a long span of time
The application of adjuvant autologous antravesical macrophage cell therapy vs. BCG in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a multicenter, randomized trial
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>While adjuvant immunotherapy with Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) is effective in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (BC), adverse events (AEs) are considerable. Monocyte-derived activated killer cells (MAK) are discussed as essential in antitumoural immunoresponse, but their application may imply risks. The present trial compared autologous intravesical macrophage cell therapy (BEXIDEM<sup>®</sup>) to BCG in patients after transurethral resection (TURB) of BC.</p> <p>Materials and methods</p> <p>This open-label trial included 137 eligible patients with TaG1-3, T1G1-2 plurifocal or unifocal tumours and ≥ 2 occurrences within 24 months and was conducted from June 2004 to March 2007. Median follow-up for patients without recurrence was 12 months. Patients were randomized to BCG or mononuclear cells collected by apheresis after ex vivo cell processing and activation (BEXIDEM). Either arm treatment consisted of 6 weekly instillations and 2 cycles of 3 weekly instillations at months 3 and 6. Toxicity profile (primary endpoint) and prophylactic effects (secondary endpoint) were assessed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Patient characteristics were evenly distributed. Of 73 treated with BCG and 64 with BEXIDEM, 85% vs. 45% experienced AEs and 26% vs. 14% serious AEs (SAE), respectively (p < 0.001). Recurrence occurred significantly less frequent with BCG than with BEXIDEM (12% vs. 38%; p < 0.001).</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This initial report of autologous intravesical macrophage cell therapy in BC demonstrates BEXIDEM treatment to be safe. Recurrence rates were significantly lower with BCG however. As the efficacy of BEXIDEM remains uncertain, further data, e.g. marker lesions studies, are warranted.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>The trial has been registered in the ISRCTN registry <url>http://isrctn.org</url> under the registration number ISRCTN35881130.</p
Survival advantage of partial over radical nephrectomy in patients presenting with localized renal cell carcinoma
The Effects of Acoustic Interface Layer on Biological Focal Region By High Intensity Focused Ultrasound
549 SMALL RENAL TUMORS OF A DIAMETER UP TO 4 CM: CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC FEATURES WITH TUMOR SIZE
463 Comparison of two different Botulinumtoxin A products (Xeomin, Botox) used for detrusor injection in patients with bladder overactivity (BO) – a prospective randomized double-blind study
Side effects of high-energy shockwaves in the human kidney: first experience with model comparing two shockwave sources
The side effects of high-energy shockwaves (HESW) from two different sources on kidney parenchyma obtained from 10 patients treated by radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma were examined. Immediately after nephrectomy, the kidneys were perfused with cold HTK solution and kept in hypothermia (8 degrees C) for a maximum of 4 hours. In five cases, the tumor-free parenchyma was treated at the upper or lower renal pole with 2000 shocks, energy output 21 kV, in an experimental electromagnetic shockwave system (Siemens Co., Erlangen). In the other five cases, the upper or lower poles were treated with 2000 shocks, energy output 24 kV, in an electrohydraulic spark gap system (MFL 5000; Dornier Medizintechnik, Germering). The resulting tissue defects were analyzed by histologic examinations. Changes after treatment with the electromagnetic system were found mainly in the tubules and midsized blood vessels in a well-defined focal area. Treatment with the electrohydraulic system was followed by tubular and glomerular lesions combined with vessel defects in a patchy pattern. The model is able to define the side effects of HESW in the human kidney and to test the side effects of different lithotripters
C75 COADMINISTRATION OF TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS WITH ROTLERIN IN METASTATIC PROSTATE CANCER
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