Educación superior integrada

La Universidad ha de esforzarse por servir a la verdad y al bien de los hombres, debe fundamentar su tarea en la conciencia de la dignidad de la persona humana y en el amor a la verdad y a la libertad, y ha de favorecer relaciones confiadas y sencillas entre profesores y alumnos, aptas para un magisterio entregado. Cuando esto ocurre, el universitario adquiere hábitos intelectuales y de comportamiento muy valiosos para sí mismo y para los demás. Su elevado interés por la verdad le llevará a buscarla con empeño intelectual y rigor crítico, y a comunicarla generosamente a los demás cuando la alcance. Sentirá su responsabilidad de dominar lo más posible el saber relacionado con la profesión que ha de ejercer, para prestar con ella un mejor servicio; pero no dejará de cultivar su mente con verdades de otros campos, y estará abierto a las cuestiones trascendentes. Será capaz de formar con libertad sus propias convicciones y criterios, aunque tratará de hacerlo con fundamento en la verdad, y con respeto a otros pareceres legítimos. Sabrá apreciar los valores positivos ajenos, y a nadie discriminará. Y habrá descubierto que el servicio a los demás es fuente de alegría

Genetic Mouse Models as In Vivo Tools for Cholangiocarcinoma Research

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a genetically and histologically complex disease with a highly dismal prognosis. A deeper understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of human CCA will increase our current knowledge of the disease and expedite the eventual development of novel therapeutic strategies for this fatal cancer. This endeavor is effectively supported by genetic mouse models, which serve as sophisticated tools to systematically investigate CCA pathobiology and treatment response. These in vivo models feature many of the genetic alterations found in humans, recapitulate multiple hallmarks of cholangiocarcinogenesis (encompassing cell transformation, preneoplastic lesions, established tumors and metastatic disease) and provide an ideal experimental setting to study the interplay between tumor cells and the surrounding stroma. This review is intended to serve as a compendium of CCA mouse models, including traditional transgenic models but also genetically flexible approaches based on either the direct introduction of DNA into liver cells or transplantation of pre-malignant cells, and is meant as a resource for CCA researchers to aid in the selection of the most appropriate in vivo model system

BIM Use Assessment (BUA) Tool for Characterizing the Application Levels of BIM Uses for the Planning and Design of Construction Projects

[EN] The evaluation of BIM capabilities and repeatability enables a company or project to identify its current status and how to improve continuously; this evaluation can be performed with BIM maturity models. However, these maturity models can measure the BIM state but not specifically the application of BIM uses. Likewise, in interorganizational project teams with a diversity of factors from various companies, it is possible to evaluate the capacity at a specified time with specified factors, but it is not possible to evaluate the repeatability unless the client always works with the same project teams. Therefore, despite the existence of various BIM uses in the literature, there is no instrument to evaluate the level of implementation of them in construction projects. This research proposes a BIM Use Assessment (BUA) tool for characterizing the levels of application of the BIM uses in the planning and design phases of building projects. The research methodology was organized into three stages: (1) identification, selection, and definition of BIM uses; (2) proposal of the BUA tool for characterizing the level of BIM use application; and (3) validation of the BUA tool. The tool was validated using 25 construction projects, where high reliability and concordance were observed; hence, the BUA tool complies with the consistency and concordance analysis for assessing uses in the design and planning phases of construction projects. The assessment will enable self-diagnosis, stakeholder qualification/selection, and industry benchmarking.This work was supported by FONDECYT (1181648 to Alarcón L. F. and Mourgues C.) and CONICYT, Chile (PCHA/National Doctorate/2018-21180884 to Herrera R. F.).Rojas, MJ.; Herrera, RF.; Mourgues, C.; Ponz-Tienda, JL.; Alarcón, LF.; Pellicer, E. (2019). BIM Use Assessment (BUA) Tool for Characterizing the Application Levels of BIM Uses for the Planning and Design of Construction Projects. Advances in Civil Engineering. 2019:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9094254S192019Azhar, S. (2011). Building Information Modeling (BIM): Trends, Benefits, Risks, and Challenges for the AEC Industry. Leadership and Management in Engineering, 11(3), 241-252. doi:10.1061/(asce)lm.1943-5630.0000127Succar, B., Sher, W., & Williams, A. (2012). Measuring BIM performance: Five metrics. Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 8(2), 120-142. doi:10.1080/17452007.2012.659506Sydow, J., & Braun, T. (2018). Projects as temporary organizations: An agenda for further theorizing the interorganizational dimension. International Journal of Project Management, 36(1), 4-11. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2017.04.012McHugh, M. L. (2012). Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic. Biochemia Medica, 276-282. doi:10.11613/bm.2012.03

Juan Jiménez Vargas

Apunte biográfico de uno de los primeros fieles del Opus Dei. Estudiante de Medicina, conoció al fundador en el curso académico 1932-1933. Fue un firme apoyo para san Josemaría, en particular durante los años de persecución religiosa en España. Su vocación universitaria le llevó a la cátedra de Fisiología, primero en la Universidad de Barcelona y luego en la de Navarra, en la que fue primer decano de Medicina. Fundó la primera revista española de Fisiología.Biographical outline of one of the first members of Opus Dei. He was a medical student when he met the Founder for the first time, during the 1932-1933 academic year. He was a firm support for St Josemaría, especially during the years of religious persecution in Spain. His academic vocation led him to the chair of Physiology, firstly in the University of Barcelona and then in the University of Navarre, where he was the first dean of the Faculty of Medicine. He founded the first Spanish Magazine of Physiology

Association between flower stalk elongation, an Arabidopsis developmental trait, and the subcellular location and movement dynamics of the viral non-structural protein P3.

[EN] Virus infections affect plant developmental traits but this aspect of the interaction has not been extensively studied so far. Two strains ofTurnip mosaic virusdifferentially affectArabidopsisdevelopment, especially flower stalk elongation, which allowed phenotypical, cellular, and molecular characterization of the viral determinant, the P3 protein. Transiently expressed wild-type green fluorescent protein-tagged P3 proteins of both strains and selected mutants of them revealed important differences in their behaviour as endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated peripheral proteins flowing along the reticulum, forming punctate accumulations. Three-dimensional (3D) model structures of all expressed P3 proteins were computationally constructed through I-TASSER protein structure predictions, which were used to compute protein surfaces and map electrostatic potentials to characterize the effect of amino acid changes on features related to protein interactions and to phenotypical and subcellular results. The amino acid at position 279 was the main determinant affecting stalk development. It also determined the speed of ER-flow of the expressed proteins and their final location. A marked change in the protein surface electrostatic potential correlated with changes in subcellular location. One single amino acid in the P3 viral protein determines all the analysed differential characteristics between strains differentially affecting flower stalk development. A model proposing a role of the protein in the intracellular movement of the viral replication complex, in association with the viral 6K2 protein, is proposed. The type of association between both viral proteins could differ between the strains.This work was funded by several INIA grants. Silvia Lopez-Gonzalez was funded by a predoctoral FPI-INIA fellowship/contract. P.S. was the recipient of an EU fellowship from an EU-India bilateral agreement (BRAVE Program). We thank Professor John Walsh (Warwick University, UK) for his generous gift of virus isolates. The great technical assistance of Lucia Zurita is also acknowledged. We thank the Spanish Ministry of Science for the Severo Ochoa Excellence Accreditations to the CBGP (SEV-2016-0672).López-González, S.; Navarro Bohigues, JA.; Pacios, LF.; Sardaru, P.; Pallás Benet, V.; Sánchez, F.; Ponz, F. (2020). Association between flower stalk elongation, an Arabidopsis developmental trait, and the subcellular location and movement dynamics of the viral non-structural protein P3. Molecular Plant Pathology. 21(10):1271-1286. https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12976S12711286211

Effect of inhibitors on chloride-dependent transmural potential in the rectal wall of Schistocerca gregaria

Previous experiments in vitro revealed a transmural potential difference (PD) and a shortcircuit current (IX) across the rectal wall of Schistocerca yregariu. which were dependent on chloride ions in lumen. The present report shows that anoxia. dinitrophenol and cyanide inhibit DP and IX. proving that the required energy derives from oxidative metabolism. Acetazolamide also inhibits DP and Isc. Ouabain. when in haemocoele, has also an inhibitory effect, not ascribable to a Na’-K’ pump blocking action. It is suggested that HCO; plays an important rBle in the active transport of Cl- from lumen to haemocoele and that ouabain may in some way inhibit chloride pumping

The effect of family size on estimates of the frequency of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer.

Diagnosis of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is currently based on phenotypical analysis of an expanded pedigree. Diagnostic guidelines ('Amsterdam criteria') proposed by the International Collaborative Group on HNPCC are often too stringent for use with small families. There is also the possibility of false-positive diagnosis in large pedigrees that may contain chance clusters of tumours. This study was conducted to determine the effect of family size on the probability of diagnosing HNPCC according to the Amsterdam criteria. A total of 1052 patients with colorectal cancer were classified as HNPCC or non-HNPCC according to the Amsterdam criteria. Associations between this diagnosis and the size of the first-degree pedigree were evaluated in logistic regression and linear discriminant analyses. Logistic regression showed a significant association for family size with the Amsterdam-criteria-based HNPCC diagnosis. Linear discriminant analysis showed that HNPCC diagnosis was most likely to occur when first-degree pedigrees contained more than seven relatives. Failure to consider family size in phenotypic diagnosis of HNPCC can lead to both under- and overestimation of the frequency of this disease. Small pedigrees must be expanded to reliably exclude HNPCC. Positive diagnoses based on assessment of eight or more first-degree relatives should be supported by other clinical features