25 research outputs found

    Validation des méthodes de calcul de clouage par les expérimentations du Projet national CLOUTERRE

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    Le dimensionnement recommandĂ© par CLOUTERRE pour les murs de soutĂšnement en sol clouĂ© repose sur une analyse aux Ă©tats-limites ultimes (ELU) avec coefficients partiels de sĂ©curitĂ©. Parmi les mĂ©thodes de calcul utilisant des cercles ou des surfaces quelconques comme surfaces de rupture potentielle, les plus appropriĂ©es sont la mĂ©thode des tranches (Bishop simplifiĂ©e) ou la mĂ©thode des perturbations, Ă©tendues au cas des sols renforcĂ©s par inclusions pouvant travailler en traction simple (cas le plus simple) ou en traction, cisaillement, flexion. Dans ce dernier cas, il est recommandĂ© d'utiliser la mĂ©thode du multicritĂšre dĂ©veloppĂ©e par SCHLOSSER (1982, 1983). La validation de ces mĂ©thodes de calcul ne peut ĂȘtre entreprise que par comparaison avec des rĂ©sultats expĂ©rimentaux obtenus sur des structures en vraie grandeur Ă  la rupture.Dans cet article, trois exemples de rupture de murs en vraie grandeur, qui se sont rompus accidentellement ou ont Ă©tĂ© poussĂ©s Ă  la rupture dans le cadre du Projet national CLOUTERRE, sont prĂ©sentĂ©s et analysĂ©s en dĂ©tail, pour chacun des trois principaux modes de rupture. Le mur expĂ©rimental CLOUTERRE-CEBTP N° 1 qui fut poussĂ© Ă  la rupture par saturation du remblai, se rompit par cassure des clous (rupture interne). Dans le mur des Eparris qui se rompit accidentellement en 1981, les clous avaient Ă©tĂ© sous-dimensionnĂ©s vis-Ă -vis du frottement latĂ©ral, conduisant ainsi Ă  une rupture interne par arrachement. Une rupture mixte par dĂ©faut de longueur des clous fut provoquĂ©e dans l'expĂ©rimentation CLOUTERRE-CEBTP N° 3 grĂące Ă  des clous tĂ©lescopiques

    PROSPECTS FOR A MERCURY ION FREQUENCY STANDARD

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    A mercury ion frequency standard has been built and operated at Orsay. It is briefly described and the results obtained for its stability are given. Measurement of various physical parameters and calculation of their effect on the short and medium term stability allow to discuss possible improvements. Systematic effects are studied and a method of measurement is given. It is shown that good stability and accuracy can be achieved

    High circulating proviral load with oligoclonal expansion of HTLV-1 bearing T cells in HTLV-1 carriers with strongyloidiasis.

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    International audienceAdult T cell leukemia (ATLL) develops in 3 - 5% of HTLV-1 carriers after a long period of latency during which a persistent polyclonal expansion of HTLV-1 infected lymphocytes is observed in all individuals. This incubation period is significantly shortened in HTLV-1 carrier with Strongyloides stercoralis (Ss) infection, suggesting that Ss could be a cofactor of ATLL. As an increased T cell proliferation at the asymptomatic stage of HTLV-1 infection could increase the risk of malignant transformation, the effect of Ss infection on infected T lymphocytes was assessed in vivo in HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers. After real-time quantitative PCR, the mean circulating HTLV-1 proviral load was more than five times higher in HTLV-1 carriers with strongyloidiasis than in HTLV-1+ individuals without Ss infection (P<0.009). This increased proviral load was found to result from the extensive proliferation of a restricted number of infected clones, i.e. from oligoclonal expansion, as evidenced by the semiquantitative amplification of HTLV-1 flanking sequences. The positive effect of Ss on clonal expansion was reversible under effective treatment of strongyloidiasis in one patient with parasitological cure whereas no significant modification of the HTLV-1 replication pattern was observed in an additional case with strongyloidiasis treatment failure. Therefore, Ss stimulates the oligoclonal proliferation of HTLV-1 infected cells in HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers in vivo. This is thought to account for the shortened period of latency observed in ATLL patients with strongyloidiasis. Oncogene (2000) 19, 4954 - 496
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