7,546 research outputs found
Atomic matter wave scanner
We report on the experimental realization of an atom optical device, that
allows scanning of an atomic beam. We used a time-modulated evanescent wave
field above a glass surface to diffract a continuous beam of metastable Neon
atoms at grazing incidence. The diffraction angles and efficiencies were
controlled by the frequency and form of modulation, respectively. With an
optimized shape, obtained from a numerical simulation, we were able to transfer
more than 50% of the atoms into the first order beam, which we were able to
move over a range of 8 mrad.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
decays revisited: branching ratios and T-odd momenta correlations
We calculate the branching ratios of the decays, and the T-odd triple momenta correlations
, due to the
electromagnetic final state interaction, in these processes. The contributions
on the order of and to the corresponding amplitudes
are treated exactly. For the branching ratios, the corrections on the order of
are estimated and demonstrated to be small. We compare the results
with those of other authors. In some cases our results differ considerably from
the previous ones.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures; references adde
Principal series of finite subgroups of SU(3)
We attempt to give a complete description of the "exceptional" finite
subgroups Sigma(36x3), Sigma(72x3) and Sigma(216x3) of SU(3), with the aim to
make them amenable to model building for fermion masses and mixing. The
information on these groups which we derive contains conjugacy classes, proper
normal subgroups, irreducible representations, character tables and tensor
products of their three-dimensional irreducible representations. We show that,
for these three exceptional groups, usage of their principal series, i.e.
ascending chains of normal subgroups, greatly facilitates the computations and
illuminates the relationship between the groups. As a preparation and testing
ground for the usage of principal series, we study first the dihedral-like
groups Delta(27) and Delta(54) because both are members of the principal series
of the three groups discussed in the paper.Comment: 43 pages, no figures; typos corrected, clarifications and references
added, version matches publication in J. Phys.
Spontaneous alloying in binary metal microclusters - A molecular dynamics study -
Microcanonical molecular dynamics study of the spontaneous alloying(SA),
which is a manifestation of fast atomic diffusion in a nano-sized metal
cluster, is done in terms of a simple two dimensional binary Morse model.
Important features observed by Yasuda and Mori are well reproduced in our
simulation. The temperature dependence and size dependence of the SA phenomena
are extensively explored by examining long time dynamics. The dominant role of
negative heat of solution in completing the SA is also discussed. We point out
that a presence of melting surface induces the diffusion of core atoms even if
they are solid-like. In other words, the {\it surface melting} at substantially
low temperature plays a key role in attaining the SA.Comment: 15 pages, 12 fgures, Submitted to Phys.Rev.
Necessity of Superposition of Macroscopically Distinct States for Quantum Computational Speedup
For quantum computation, we investigate the conjecture that the superposition
of macroscopically distinct states is necessary for a large quantum speedup.
Although this conjecture was supported for a circuit-based quantum computer
performing Shor's factoring algorithm [A. Ukena and A. Shimizu, Phys. Rev. A69
(2004) 022301], it needs to be generalized for it to be applicable to a large
class of algorithms and/or other models such as measurement-based quantum
computers. To treat such general cases, we first generalize the indices for the
superposition of macroscopically distinct states. We then generalize the
conjecture, using the generalized indices, in such a way that it is
unambiguously applicable to general models if a quantum algorithm achieves
exponential speedup. On the basis of this generalized conjecture, we further
extend the conjecture to Grover's quantum search algorithm, whose speedup is
large but quadratic. It is shown that this extended conjecture is also correct.
Since Grover's algorithm is a representative algorithm for unstructured
problems, the present result further supports the conjecture.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures. Fixed typos throughout the manuscript. This
version has been publishe
Band Calculation for Ce-compounds on the basis of Dynamical Mean Field Theory
The band calculation scheme for electron compounds is developed on the
basis of the dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) and the LMTO method. The
auxiliary impurity problem is solved by a method named as NCAv', which
includes the correct exchange process of the virtual
excitation as the vertex correction to the non-crossing approximation (NCA) for
the fluctuation. This method leads to the correct magnitude
of the Kondo temperature, , and makes it possible to carry out
quantitative DMFT calculation including the crystalline field (CF) and the
spin-orbit (SO) splitting of the self-energy. The magnetic excitation spectra
are also calculated to estimate . It is applied to Ce metal and CeSb
at T=300 K as the first step. In Ce metal, the hybridization intensity (HI)
just below the Fermi energy is reduced in the DMFT band. The photo-emission
spectra (PES) have a conspicuous SO side peak, similar to that of experiments.
is estimated to be about 70 K in -Ce, while to be about
1700 K in -Ce. In CeSb, the double-peak-like structure of PES is
reproduced. In addition, which is not so low is obtained because HI
is enhanced just at the Fermi energy in the DMFT band.Comment: 30pages, 18 figure
Integral representation of the RPA correlation energy
Using the spectral function F'(z)/F(z) the RPA correlation energy and other
properties of a finite system can be written as a contour integral in a compact
way. This yields a transparent expression and reduces drastically the numerical
efforts for obtaining reliable values. The method applied to pairing vibrations
in rotating nuclei as an illustrative example.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures (eps files
Mean field theory for global binding systematics
We review some possible improvements of mean field theory for application to
nuclear binding systematics. Up to now, microscopic theory has been less
successful than models starting from the liquid drop in describing accurately
the global binding systematics. We believe that there are good prospects to
develop a better global theory, using modern forms of energy density
functionals and treating correlation energies systematically by the RPA.Comment: RevTex, 17 pages, 5 eps figures. To be published in Yadernaya Fizika,
special edition for the 90th birthday of Professor A.B. Migda
WW Cross-sections and Distributions
We present the results obtained by the "WW Cross-sections and Distributions"
working group during the CERN Workshop "Physics at LEP2" (1994/1995)Comment: 61 pages, tar'ed gzip'ed uuencoded files, LaTeX, 4 Postscript
figures. To appear in "Physics at LEP2", G.Altarelli and F.Zwirner eds., CERN
Report 199
Temperature dependent fluorescence in disordered Frenkel chains: interplay of equilibration and local band-edge level structure
We model the optical dynamics in linear Frenkel exciton systems governed by
scattering on static disorder and lattice vibrations, and calculate the
temperature dependent fluorescence spectrum and lifetime. The fluorescence
Stokes shift shows a nonmonotonic behavior with temperature, which derives from
the interplay of the local band-edge level structure and thermal equilibration.
The model yields excellent fits to experiments performed on linear dye
aggregates.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
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