"A comparative study on root surface demineralization using Citric Acid and Tetracycline in vitro: A scanning electron microscopy study "

Citric acid and tetracycline HCl are the most common clinical root demineralization agents used in periodontal practice. In this comparative in vitro study the effects of Nd: YAG laser radiation on root surface was compared to that of citric acid and tetracycline HCl using SEM. A total of twenty-one freshly extracted periodontally diseased single rooted premolar teeth were root planned in vitro. The proximal surface of each root was sectioned and divided to two equal surfaces of experimental and control. In group “A” Nd: YAG laser a power of 2 watts was used for 2 minutes at 0 pps. In group “B” citric acid PH=1 was applied for 3 minutes & in group “C” 5% tetracycline HCl solution PH=3.3 was applied for 5 minutes. SEM results showed removal of smear layer, changes in surface characteristics and opening of dentinal tubules in all 3 groups when compared to controls. Nd: YAG laser group signs of surface cracking, pits and craters were observed and removal of smear layer was not complete at 2 watts power and tubular opening was minimal. In group “B” smear layer was completely removed, micro fractures were seen and large opening of tubules were observed. In group “C”, more numbers of tubules were opened but openings were not large as in group B”, smear layer completely removed and experimental surfaces were smooth and no micro fractures were seen. This study showed that Nd:Yag laser could be used for the purpose of root demineralization but it needs further investigations with modification in factors influencing laser effectiveness to be used as a common method of root surface demineralization

A comparative study of relationship between osteoporosis and periodontal disease

Background and Aim: Multiple systemic and local factors contribute to the incidence and progression of periodontal diseases. Osteoporosis is defined as changes in trabecular bone structure and probably as a systemic risk factor of periodontitis. Since both diseases are considered as major public health problems and affect numbers of adults the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between osteoporosis and periodontal disease and the role of oral hygiene in this process.Materials and Methods: In this historical cohort study, 68 patients were selected from 111 individuals for whom femoral and hip BMD (Bone Mineral Density) with DXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) procedure was performed and PI (Plaque Index) recorded. Cases were divided into four groups of 17 persons each as follow: osteoporotic with good oral hygiene (OH), osteoporotic with poor oral hygiene (OP) normal with good oral hygiene (NH), and normal with poor oral hygiene (NP). Clinical examinations including BOP (bleeding on probing),GR (gingival recession), PPD (probing pocket depth) and TL (tooth loss) was performed for all cases. Data were analyzed by two-way and four-way ANOVA test, with p<0.05 as the level of significance.Results: Significant relation was observed between GR (P=0.045), and TL (P=0.050) with BMD independent of oral hygiene. Whereas such relation was not true for BOP and PPD (P=0.989).Conclusion: Our finding showed that osteoporosis can make patients more vulnerable to periodontal diseases by reducing trabecular bone mass and is related to gingival recession as well as tooth loss

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans count in patients with adult periodontitis

  Periodontal infections are categorized into various groups based on patient’s age or bacteria presented in dental pockets. There are Juvenile periodontitis, rapidly progressing periodontitis and adult periodontitis. Adult periodontitis is known as the most prevalent cause of tooth loss in adult patients. In current study, 100 teeth of patients who suffered from adult periodontistis were selected, cultured in kapnophil media and analyzed for containing Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans bacteria. 34 teeth of 17 patients contained this bacteria. Further discussions are mentioned in the article about sex,age and location of infection in these patients in association to the bacteria presence

Evaluation of Actinobacilius Actinomycet-em Comitans Presence in Sub gingival Flora of Rapidly Progressive Periodontals Patients

One of the special kinds of periodontal disease is rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP). This"nform of periodontitis is an aggressive disease, which results in bone destruction and loss of periodontal"nattachment 4 to 5 times more than adult periodontitis or slowly progressive periodontitis. The purpose of"nthis study was to investigate the presence of Actinobacilius actinomyct-em comitans (Aa) in RPP"npatients. A total number of sixty samples was collected from 15 patients with RPP and cultured in"nanaerobic conditions. Results showed the presence of Aa in 13 patients (86.7%), while 29 samples were"nAa positive (48.3%). Two of the RPP patients (13.3%) were Aa negative even after two times bacterial"nculturing

Comparative Clinical Evaluation of Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft and Acellular Dermal Matrix Allograft for the Treatment of Gingival Recession

Statement of Problem: Various surgical procedures have been used to achieve root coverage and subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) is identified as one of the most successful techniques. Recently, acellular dermal matrix allograft (ADMA) has been developed as a substitute for SCTG to avoid removing the palatal connective tissue.Purpose: The present study compared the clinical efficiency of ADMA and SCTG in the treatment of recession defects.Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical study, consisted of nine patients with 32 Miller’s class I or II recession defects of ≥ 2 mm on the facial aspects of premolar teeth. Bleeding on Probing Index (BPI), Plaque Index (PI), Probing Depth (PD), Recession Depth (RD), Recession Width and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL)were measured at baseline and 6, 12 and 24 weeks post-surgery. Before operation, the samples were randomly allocated to ADMA (test) or SCTG (control) groups.Results: A statistically significant improvement was observed in RD, RW and CAL,but not in BPI, PI and PD. The mean values of changes in all clinical parameters from baseline to 24 weeks postsurgery were not significantly different between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the amount of mean root coveragebetween the ADMA (85.42%) and SCTG (69.05%) groups (P= 0.058).Conclusion: ADMA may be a useful substitute for SCTG in the treatment of shallow to moderate gingival recessions, if the financial aspect is not an issue for the patient

Clinical Comparison of Subepithelial Connective Tissue Grafts and Coronally Advanced Flaps with Emdogain in the Treatment of Gingival Recessions

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTG) and coronally advanced flaps (CAF) with the addition of Emdogain in the treatment of gingival recession.Materials and Methods: This interventional randomized controlled clinical trial involved eleven patients and 31 teeth demonstrating facial recessions of > 2 mm identified as Miller’s class I or II. Recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and keratinized tissue (KT), weremeasured at baseline and at 4, 12 and 24 weeks postoperation. Before surgery the samples were randomized to receive either a CAF with Emdogain (test group) or a connective tissue graft (control group). Data were analyzed using independent t-test and univariate analysis of variance.Results: Twenty-four weeks after therapy, the mean root coverage in the test and control cases was 50.24% and 65.82%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.759). Within the 24-week follow-up period both procedures resulted in statistically significant improvement in RD, RW and CAL, but not in PD. KT increased 0.7 mm in the SCTG group while it decreased 0.5 mm in the Emdogain group (P<0.05).Conclusion: The SCTG procedure provided better results in comparison to CAF with Emdogain. However the later method is easier and less technique-sensitive. Therefore it can be considered as a possible substitute for the treatment of gingival recessions,especially when increasing KT is not required

Comparative Evaluation Study of II2 O2 Mouthrinse in Gingivitis

Bacteria! plaque is an essential factor of gingival and periodontal disease.&quot;nThe ability of chemical piaque control agent to prevent plaque formation is well documented compare with&quot;nother mechanical plaque removal methods. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical effects of&quot;nShore choice mouth rinse (H2 O2, 0.1%) with a placebo.&quot;nFollowing a period of 4 weeks, 20 subjects were allocated to two treatment groups.&quot;nDuring this period of time, they rinsed twice a day with either a placebo mouth rinse or the Shor choice.&quot;nPlaque Index (PI) and bleeding on probing index (BOP) were recorded three days after scaling and root&quot;nplanning. These indecies were rechecked 2 and 4 weeks after rinsing the subject&apos;s mouth by mouth rinse and&quot;nplacebo. Results indicated that although there were no significant differences between test and control&quot;ngroups, a reduction of PI and BOP were found in different stages of this study.&quot;nThe clinical data obtained in this study are thus consistent with the previous data, however, care should be&quot;ntaken to extrapolate these results

Clinical Evaluations of Soft and Hard Tissue Repair Using Osteo Gen in Periodontal Intraosseous Defects

The aim of this study was to evaluate the repair of hard and soft tissue using Osteo Gen and&quot;ncomparing with flap curettage in periodontal defects. 36 periodontal intraosseous defects in sixteen&quot;npatients involved moderate to advanced periodontitis were randomly selected and allocated to two&quot;ngroups: test (22) and control groups (14). Slow resorption, excellent tissue compatibility, no exfoliation&quot;nand root resorption were considered during healing. The average of pocket depth in test and control&quot;ngroups was 3.16 and 2.73 mm, respectively. After 6 months, the average of bone repair was 2.18 mm&quot;n(68.97%) and 0.46 mm (16.84%) in test and control groups. Bone apposition was obtained in test group&quot;n(0.09 mm) (2.84%) while bone loss observed in control group (0.32 mm)(l 1.72%). Initial pocket depths&quot;nin test and control groups were 7.68mm and 6.61mm. After six months, re-entry surgery was performed&quot;nand the measurement of new attachment was 3.45 mm (61.19%) and 2.81 mm (51.28%). Recession of&quot;nthe gingival margin was 1.22 mm (15.80%) and 0,58 mm (8.77%) for test and control groups,&quot;nrespectively. By considering these findings, using of Osteo Gen can be recommended compare with flap&quot;ncurettage in periodontal intraosseous defects

Clinical comparision of semilunar coronally positional flap and subepithelial connective tissue graft in root coverage procedure

&quot;nBackground and Aim: Several surgical approaches have been used to achieve root coverage. The Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft (SCTG) procedure has been shown to be a predictable means to treat gingival recession. Semilunar Coronally Positioned Flap (SCPF) is a simple mucogingival surgery to cover the exposed root surface without harvesting the palatal connective tissue. The purpose of this study is to compare the outcome of gingival recession therapy using SCTG and SCPF. &quot;nMaterials and Methods: Forty Miller class I buccal gingival recessions (&amp;ge;2mm) were selected. Recessions were randomly assigned to receive either the SCPF or SCTG. Recession Height (RH), Recession Width (RW), Width of Keratinized Tissue (WKT), Probing Depth (PD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), were measured at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and Repeated Measure ANOVA. &quot;nResults: The average percentages of root coverage for SCPF and SCTG were 88% and 71%, respectively; and the complete root coverage observed were 55% and 45%, respectively. There were no significance differences between the two groups with regard to RW, PD, CAL, WKT (except in the third month after surgery which was slightly greater in SCPF group). RH was significantly decreased from 2 to 6 months after surgery in SCPF group. &quot;nConclusion: The findings from this study indicate that if the tissue thickness and initial width of keratinized tissue are sufficient, SCPF may be a good substitute for SCTG in treatment of Miller class I gingival recessions