124 research outputs found
Solution of large scale nuclear structure problems by wave function factorization
Low-lying shell model states may be approximated accurately by a sum over
products of proton and neutron states. The optimal factors are determined by a
variational principle and result from the solution of rather low-dimensional
eigenvalue problems. Application of this method to sd-shell nuclei, pf-shell
nuclei, and to no-core shell model problems shows that very accurate
approximations to the exact solutions may be obtained. Their energies, quantum
numbers and overlaps with exact eigenstates converge exponentially fast as the
number of retained factors is increased.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures (from 15 eps files) include
Exact Polynomial Eigenmodes for Homogeneous Spherical 3-Manifolds
Observational data hints at a finite universe, with spherical manifolds such
as the Poincare dodecahedral space tentatively providing the best fit.
Simulating the physics of a model universe requires knowing the eigenmodes of
the Laplace operator on the space. The present article provides explicit
polynomial eigenmodes for all globally homogeneous 3-manifolds: the Poincare
dodecahedral space S3/I*, the binary octahedral space S3/O*, the binary
tetrahedral space S3/T*, the prism manifolds S3/D_m* and the lens spaces
L(p,1).Comment: v3. Final published version. 27 pages, 1 figur
Topology of the Universe: background and recent observational approaches
Is the Universe (a spatial section thereof) finite or infinite? Knowing the
global geometry of a Friedmann-Lema\^{\i}tre (FL) universe requires knowing
both its curvature and its topology. A flat or hyperbolic (``open'') FL
universe is {\em not} necessarily infinite in volume.
Multiply connected flat and hyperbolic models are, in general, as consistent
with present observations on scales of 1-20{\hGpc} as are the corresponding
simply connected flat and hyperbolic models. The methods of detecting multiply
connected models (MCM's) are presently in their pioneering phase of development
and the optimal observationally realistic strategy is probably yet to be
calculated. Constraints against MCM's on ~1-4 h^{-1} Gpc scales have been
claimed, but relate more to inconsistent assumptions on perturbation statistics
rather than just to topology. Candidate 3-manifolds based on hypothesised
multiply imaged objects are being offered for observational refutation.
The theoretical and observational sides of this rapidly developing subject
have yet to make any serious contact, but the prospects of a significant
detection in the coming decade may well propel the two together.Comment: 5 pages, proceedings of the Workshop ``Cosmology: Observations
Confront Theories,'' 11-17 Jan 1999, IIT Kharagpur, West Bengal, to appear in
Pramana - Journal of Physic
Casimir Effect in closed spaces
As it is well known the topology of space is not totally determined by
Einstein's equations. It is considered a massless scalar quantum field in a
static Euclidean space of dimension 3. The expectation value for the energy
density in all compact orientable Euclidean 3-spaces are obtained in this work
as a finite summation of Epstein type zeta functions. The Casimir energy
density for these particular manifolds is independent of the type of coupling
with curvature. A numerical plot of the result inside each Dirichlet region is
obtained.Comment: Version accepted for publication. The most general coupling with
curvature is chose
Constraints on the Detectability of Cosmic Topology from Observational Uncertainties
Recent observational results suggest that our universe is nearly flat and
well modelled within a CDM framework. The observed values of
and inevitably involve uncertainties. Motivated
by this, we make a systematic study of the necessary and sufficient conditions
for undetectability as well as detectability (in principle) of cosmic topology
(using pattern repetition) in presence of such uncertainties. We do this by
developing two complementary methods to determine detectability for nearly flat
universes. Using the first method we derive analytical conditions for
undetectability for infinite redshift, the accuracy of which is then confirmed
by the second method. Estimates based on WMAP data together with other
measurements of the density parameters are used to illustrate both methods,
which are shown to provide very similar results for high redshifts.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figure, LaTeX2
Formation of Ultracold Heteronuclear Dimers in Electric Fields
The formation of ultracold molecules via stimulated emission followed by a
radiative deexcitation cascade in the presence of a static electric field is
investigated. By analyzing the corresponding cross sections, we demonstrate the
possibility to populate the lowest rotational excitations via photoassociation.
The modification of the radiative cascade due to the electric field leads to
narrow rotational state distributions in the vibrational ground state. External
fields might therefore represent an additional valuable tool towards the
ultimate goal of quantum state preparation of molecules
The optimal phase of the generalised Poincare dodecahedral space hypothesis implied by the spatial cross-correlation function of the WMAP sky maps
Several studies have proposed that the shape of the Universe may be a
Poincare dodecahedral space (PDS) rather than an infinite, simply connected,
flat space. Both models assume a close to flat FLRW metric of about 30% matter
density. We study two predictions of the PDS model. (i) For the correct model,
the spatial two-point cross-correlation function, \ximc, of temperature
fluctuations in the covering space, where the two points in any pair are on
different copies of the surface of last scattering (SLS), should be of a
similar order of magnitude to the auto-correlation function, \xisc, on a
single copy of the SLS. (ii) The optimal orientation and identified circle
radius for a "generalised" PDS model of arbitrary twist , found by
maximising \ximc relative to \xisc in the WMAP maps, should yield . We optimise the cross-correlation at scales < 4.0 h^-1 Gpc
using a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method over orientation, circle size
and . Both predictions were satisfied: (i) an optimal "generalised" PDS
solution was found, with a strong cross-correlation between points which would
be distant and only weakly correlated according to the simply connected
hypothesis, for two different foreground-reduced versions of the WMAP 3-year
all-sky map, both with and without the kp2 Galaxy mask: the face centres are
\phi
\in [0,2\pi]$, is about 6-9%.Comment: 20 pages, 22 figures, accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics, software
available at http://adjani.astro.umk.pl/GPLdownload/dodec/ and MCMCs at
http://adjani.astro.umk.pl/GPLdownload/MCM
Wave function statistics and multifractality at the spin quantum Hall transition
The statistical properties of wave functions at the critical point of the
spin quantum Hall transition are studied. The main emphasis is put onto
determination of the spectrum of multifractal exponents governing
the scaling of moments with the system
size and the spatial decay of wave function correlations. Two- and
three-point correlation functions are calculated analytically by means of
mapping onto the classical percolation, yielding the values and
. The multifractality spectrum obtained from numerical
simulations is given with a good accuracy by the parabolic approximation
but shows detectable deviations. We also study
statistics of the two-point conductance , in particular, the spectrum of
exponents characterizing the scaling of the moments . Relations
between the spectra of critical exponents of wave functions (),
conductances (), and Green functions at the localization transition with a
critical density of states are discussed.Comment: 16 pages, submitted to J. Phys. A, Special Issue on Random Matrix
Theor
How well-proportioned are lens and prism spaces?
The CMB anisotropies in spherical 3-spaces with a non-trivial topology are
analysed with a focus on lens and prism shaped fundamental cells. The
conjecture is tested that well proportioned spaces lead to a suppression of
large-scale anisotropies according to the observed cosmic microwave background
(CMB). The focus is put on lens spaces L(p,q) which are supposed to be oddly
proportioned. However, there are inhomogeneous lens spaces whose shape of the
Voronoi domain depends on the position of the observer within the manifold.
Such manifolds possess no fixed measure of well-proportioned and allow a
predestined test of the well-proportioned conjecture. Topologies having the
same Voronoi domain are shown to possess distinct CMB statistics which thus
provide a counter-example to the well-proportioned conjecture. The CMB
properties are analysed in terms of cyclic subgroups Z_p, and new point of view
for the superior behaviour of the Poincar\'e dodecahedron is found
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