Thermochemical cycle analysis using linked CECS72 and HYDRGN computer programs

A combined thermochemical cycle analysis computer program was designed. Input to the combined program is the same as input to the thermochemical cycle analysis program except that the extent of the reactions need not be specified. The combined program is designed to be run interactively from a computer time-sharing terminal. This mode of operation allows correction or modification of the cycle to take place during cycle analysis. A group of 13 thermochemical cycles was used to test the combined program

Calculation of transonic flow in a linear cascade

Turbomachinery blade designs are becoming more aggressive in order to achieve higher loading and greater range. New analysis tools are required to cope with these heavily loaded blades that may operate with a thin separated region near the trailing edge on the suction surface. An existing, viscous airfoil code was adapted to cascade conditions in an attempt to provide this capability. Comparisons with recently obtained data show that calculated and experimental surface Mach numbers were in good agreement but loss coefficients and outlet air angles were not

A class of nonideal solutions. 2: Application to experimental data

Functions for the representation of the thermodynamic properties of nonideal solutions were applied to the experimental data for several highly nonideal solutions. The test solutions were selected to cover both electrolyte behavior. The results imply that the functions are fully capable of representing the experimental data within their accuracy over the whole composition range and demonstrate that many nonideal solutions can be regarded as members of the defined class of nonideal solutions

How Priming Innocence Influences Public Opinion on Police Misconduct and False Convictions: A Research Note

Issues of innocence have become more salient to the public in recent years, including the problem of police misconduct. However, citizens also tend to be supportive of the police, perceiving them as ethical, honest, and trustworthy. Using a survey experiment with a nationally representative sample, we explore the degree to which public opinion toward police misconduct is influenced by priming respondents on the issue of innocence. We find that reminding citizens of these issues increases their willingness to admit police misconduct that contributes to this problem by roughly 7 percentage points overall. Moreover, this effect is driven by conservatives and, to a lesser extent, moderates, presumably because liberals do not need priming. In contrast, the efficacy of the prime was not affected (i.e., moderated) by the race of the respondent. We place these results in the context of the current debate regarding police use of force as well as the ideological divide in rhetoric surrounding the recent string of high-profile police shootings

Redesign and cascade tests of a supercritical controlled diffusion stator blade-section

A supercritical stator blade section, previously tested in cascade, and characterized by a flat-roof-top suction surface Mach number distribution, has been redesigned and retested. At near design conditions, the losses and air turning were improved over the original blade by 50 percent and 7 percent respectively. The key element in the improved performance was a small blade reshaping. This produced a continuous flow acceleration over the first one-third chord of the suction surface which successfully prevented a premature laminar separation bubble. Several recently available inviscid analysis and one fully viscous (Navier-Stokes) analysis code were used in the redesign process. The validity of these codes was enhanced by the test results

Understanding perceptions of citizen demeanour: using an experimental design to understand the impact of encounter and observer characteristics

Systematic social observations of police-citizen encounters have revealed that citizen demeanour is an important predictor of outcomes (e.g. arrests and searches). Drawing from research on stereotypes and impression formation, we examine whether characteristics of the encounter and/or observer affect how respondents perceive demeanour. We exposed undergraduates (n = 255) to a randomly rotated series of five between-subjects design, in which characteristics of the encounter (citizen race, gender, or age; officer gender; neighbourhood context) and the level of demeanour displayed were manipulated. OLS regression was used to examine how these manipulations interact to produce our dependent variable – perceptions of demeanour – and whether characteristics of the observer matter for perceptions, independent of the manipulations. We find that some aspects of the encounter, specifically officer gender and the socio-economic context of the neighbourhood, influence perceptions of demeanour. Previous victimisation, observers’ race, and perceptions of the police also impact how demeanour is perceived. These findings suggest that understanding the impact of citizen demeanour on police-citizen encounters requires consideration of encounter and observer characteristics

Maine hospice volunteers: a study of motivations, death awareness and religious beliefs

Volunteers are an essential part of the hospice movement, which is designed to provide services to the terminally ill, their families, and friends, in a manner that allows death to be as dignified and peaceful as possible. Motivations for volunteering, attitudes about death and dying, and demographic characteristics were assessed in this survey study of Maine hospice volunteers (573 females, 128 males). The extent to which religious and spiritual beliefs were associated with volunteers’ ability to cope with the many aspects of death and dying that they confront were also examined. Based on responses to a standardized instrument, the Collett-Lester Fear of Death and Dying Scale, respondents’ reported relatively low levels of death anxiety and high levels of death awareness for themselves and others in their lives. The most common reasons for becoming a hospice volunteer were: desiring to help persons in need, wanting to ease the pain of those in hospice programs, having unique expertise to contribute, wanting to fulfill a civic responsibility, and wanting to fulfill a religious obligation. Sixty-five percent of the sample reported that spiritual beliefs had a major influence on their ability to cope with death and dying. The results provide information that can be of assistance in the recruitment, training, and education of hospice volunteers in Maine

The Role of Corporations in Solving the Illegal, Unregulated, and Unreported (IUU) Fishing Crisis

This article examines the current domestic and international legal framework that provides protections against the effects of IUU fishing as well as the social, economic, and environmental effects of those activities. Domestically, this article examines the Magnuson-Stevens Act for its lack of efficacy in managing IUU fishing in US-controlled waters. Internationally, this article examines a variety of UN resolutions and treaties that seek to manage this crisis but have a minimal effect. Additionally, this article proposes various ways policies could be amended or adopted to best serve the communities that are most impacted by the effects of IUU fishing. Finally, this article looks at the role of corporations in incorporating supply chain transparency and traceability initiatives to minimize supply chain disruptions and reputational risk impacts because of IUU activities through their suppliers

On the Construction of the Measurable Sets

Whenever we have a measure function α defined on some set M of subsets of a set T, we may determine a binary relation Q between the elements of M by defining, for all members A and B of M, AQB if and only if α(A) ≤ α(B). Using such a binary relation, we may derive certain measure theoretic properties independently of the real number system. In particular, if we use what might be termed a process of completion, we may construct, from a system of Borel sets, not only a system of Lebesgue measurable sets, but, in general, a somewhat larger system