57 research outputs found
Proposed realization of the Dicke-model quantum phase transition in an optical cavity QED system
The Dicke model describing an ensemble of two-state atoms interacting with a single quantized mode of the electromagnetic field (with omission of the Â^2 term) exhibits a zero-temperature phase transition at a critical value of the dipole coupling strength. We propose a scheme based on multilevel atoms and cavity-mediated Raman transitions to realize an effective Dicke model operating in the phase transition regime. Optical light from the cavity carries signatures of the critical behavior, which is analyzed for the thermodynamic limit where the number of atoms is very large
Power of earthquake cluster detection tests
Testing the global earthquake catalogue for indications of non-Poissonian
attributes has been an area of intense research, especially since the 2011
Tohoku earthquake. The usual approach is to test statistically for the
hypothesis that the global earthquake catalogue is well explained by a
Poissonian process. In this paper we analyse one aspect of this problem which
has been disregarded by the literature: the power of such tests to detect
non-Poissonian features if they existed; that is, the probability of type II
statistical errors. We argue that the low frequency of large events and the
brevity of our earthquake catalogues reduces the power of the statistical tests
so that an unequivocal answer for this question is not granted. We do this by
providing a counter example of a stochastic process that is clustered by
construction and by analysing the resulting distribution of p-values given by
the current tests.Comment: 14 pages, 5 Figure
Lessons from a West Australian statewide assessment of the implementation of the NHMRC recommendations for strengthening cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
Optical signatures of quantum phase transitions in a light-matter system
Information about quantum phase transitions in conventional condensed matter
systems, must be sought by probing the matter system itself. By contrast, we
show that mixed matter-light systems offer a distinct advantage in that the
photon field carries clear signatures of the associated quantum critical
phenomena. Having derived an accurate, size-consistent Hamiltonian for the
photonic field in the well-known Dicke model, we predict striking behavior of
the optical squeezing and photon statistics near the phase transition. The
corresponding dynamics resemble those of a degenerate parametric amplifier. Our
findings boost the motivation for exploring exotic quantum phase transition
phenomena in atom-cavity, nanostructure-cavity, and
nanostructure-photonic-band-gap systems.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Is there a no-go theorem for superradiant quantum phase transitions in cavity and circuit QED ?
In cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), the interaction between an atomic
transition and the cavity field is measured by the vacuum Rabi frequency
. The analogous term "circuit QED" has been introduced for Josephson
junctions, because superconducting circuits behave as artificial atoms coupled
to the bosonic field of a resonator. In the regime with comparable
to the two-level transition frequency, "superradiant" quantum phase transitions
for the cavity vacuum have been predicted, e.g. within the Dicke model. Here,
we prove that if the time-independent light-matter Hamiltonian is considered, a
superradiant quantum critical point is forbidden for electric dipole atomic
transitions due to the oscillator strength sum rule. In circuit QED, the
capacitive coupling is analogous to the electric dipole one: yet, such no-go
property can be circumvented by Cooper pair boxes capacitively coupled to a
resonator, due to their peculiar Hilbert space topology and a violation of the
corresponding sum rule
Continuous-wave room-temperature diamond maser
The maser, older sibling of the laser, has been confined to relative
obscurity due to its reliance on cryogenic refrigeration and high-vacuum
systems. Despite this it has found application in deep-space communications and
radio astronomy due to its unparalleled performance as a low-noise amplifier
and oscillator. The recent demonstration of a room-temperature solid- state
maser exploiting photo-excited triplet states in organic pentacene molecules
paves the way for a new class of maser that could find applications in
medicine, security and sensing, taking advantage of its sensitivity and low
noise. However, to date, only pulsed operation has been observed in this
system. Furthermore, organic maser molecules have poor thermal and mechanical
properties, and their triplet sub-level decay rates make continuous emission
challenging: alternative materials are therefore required. Therefore, inorganic
materials containing spin-defects such as diamond and silicon carbide have been
proposed. Here we report a continuous-wave (CW) room-temperature maser
oscillator using optically pumped charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect centres
in diamond. This demonstration unlocks the potential of room-temperature
solid-state masers for use in a new generation of microwave devices.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Quantum entanglement and disentanglement of multi-atom systems
We present a review of recent research on quantum entanglement, with special
emphasis on entanglement between single atoms, processing of an encoded
entanglement and its temporary evolution. Analysis based on the density matrix
formalism are described. We give a simple description of the entangling
procedure and explore the role of the environment in creation of entanglement
and in disentanglement of atomic systems. A particular process we will focus on
is spontaneous emission, usually recognized as an irreversible loss of
information and entanglement encoded in the internal states of the system. We
illustrate some certain circumstances where this irreversible process can in
fact induce entanglement between separated systems. We also show how
spontaneous emission reveals a competition between the Bell states of a two
qubit system that leads to the recently discovered "sudden" features in the
temporal evolution of entanglement. An another problem illustrated in details
is a deterministic preparation of atoms and atomic ensembles in long-lived
stationary squeezed states and entangled cluster states. We then determine how
to trigger the evolution of the stable entanglement and also address the issue
of a steered evolution of entanglement between desired pairs of qubits that can
be achieved simply by varying the parameters of a given system.Comment: Review articl
Multimode mean-field model for the quantum phase transition of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical resonator
We develop a mean-field model describing the Hamiltonian interaction of
ultracold atoms and the optical field in a cavity. The Bose-Einstein condensate
is properly defined by means of a grand-canonical approach. The model is
efficient because only the relevant excitation modes are taken into account.
However, the model goes beyond the two-mode subspace necessary to describe the
self-organization quantum phase transition observed recently. We calculate all
the second-order correlations of the coupled atom field and radiation field
hybrid bosonic system, including the entanglement between the two types of
fields.Comment: 10 page
Proposed realization of the Dicke-model quantum phase transition in an optical cavity QED system
‘Work it out’: evaluation of a chronic condition self-management program for urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, with or at risk of cardiovascular disease
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