Estudio anatómico de la amplitud de los discos intervertebrales y de la zona foraminal a nivel toracolumbar en perros adultos

La columna vertebral del perro ha sido utilizada como modelo experimental en medicina humana, y es uno de los animales domésticos más estudiados en medicina veterinaria. Sin embargo, existen limitados datos sobre la amplitud del disco intervertebral (DIV) y el foramen intervertebral (FIV). El propósito de este trabajo es medir cuantitativamente la amplitud de los DIV y FIV, e igualmente, la distancia entre la emergencia de los nervios espinales lumbares y el borde anterior del cuerpo vertebral caudal adyacente o altura del triángulo de seguridad de Kambin (ATK). Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en cinco cadáveres de perros. Se midieron: los diametros discales ventrales, la distancia entre la emergencia de los nervios espinales y el borde anterior del cuerpo vertebral caudal adyacente (CVCA), y los diámetros de los FIV de los niveles toracolumbares T12 – L6. La amplitud del DIV en el borde ventral fue en promedio de 7,34 mm (SD± 2,209), y la distancia entre los nervios espinales y el borde posterior del DIV, de 3,56 mm (SD 1,366). Los diámetros promedio del FIV fueron en su aspecto craneocaudal de 5,24 mm (SD 1,838) y dorsoventral de 4,73 mm (SD 1,098). Se evidenció para esta muestra una correlación gráfica entre la ATK y la ADIV, y una longitud máxima de todas las estructuras medidas en el segmento L4 – L5. Además, se plantea la posibilidad del desarrollo de instrumentales intradiscales y transforaminales con un diámetro de 3 mm, hechos a medida para caninos a partir de los 10 kg de peso. Palabras clave: disco intervertebral, foramen, amplitud, morfometría, modelo experimental, perros

Os estereótipos de gênero na educação física

Resumen: Introducción: Desde hace muchos siglos, la mujer no ha estado bien considerada, no solo en el deporte sino también en varias tareas de la vida cotidiana, por esto las mujeres llevan luchando mucho tiempo para que no vuelva a ocurrir, para poder vivir en una sociedad donde la igualdad esté presente en todos los ámbitos. Por ello hay que educar desde la escuela en valores como la igualdad y la no discriminación y que mejor forma que hacerlo desde una profesión tan bonita y desde una persona tan referente para los niños como es el profesor. Objetivos: Investigar sobre los estereotipos de género que se dan dentro de las clases de educación física tanto por parte del profesor como por los actos que tienen los niños a la hora de realizar la práctica de esta materia. Métodos: Investigación y desarrollo a través de métodos de información (revistas, libros, artículos…) y mediante una encuesta realizada a docentes. Resultados y discusión: Con los resultados obtenidos de la encuesta más los contenidos investigados podemos decir que aún hay discriminación en las clases de educación física ya que los profesores tienden a separar los deportes, con respecto a años anteriores se ha producido una mejora en cuanto al pensamiento de igualdad y método de impartir las clases. Conclusiones: El papel de la mujer en el deporte cada vez se está considerando más importante e igualitario. Queda mucho camino por delante para conseguir una igualdad completa y equitativa.Abstract: Introduction: For many centuries, women have not been well considered, not only in sport but also in various tasks of daily life, for this reason women have been fighting for a long time so that it does not happen again, to be able to live in a society where equality is present in all áreas. That is why we must educate from school on values such as equality and non-discrimination and what better way to do it than from such a beautiful profession and from such a reference person for children as the teacher. Aim: Research on the gender stereotypes in physical education classes, both on the part of the teacher and the actions of children in the practice of this subject. Methods: Research and development through information methods (journals, books, articles) and through a survey of teachers. Results & discussion: With the results obtained from the survey plus the contents investigated we can say that there is still discrimination in physical education classes as teachers tend to separate sports, there has been an improvement over previous years in the thinking of equality and the method of teaching. Conclusions: The role of women in sport is increasingly seen as important and egalitarian. There is still a long way to go to achieve complete and equitable equality.Resumo: Introdução: Desde há muitos séculos, a mulher não tem sido bem considerada, não só no desporto mas também em várias tarefas da vida quotidiana, por isso as mulheres têm lutado muito tempo para que não volte a acontecer, para poder viver numa sociedade onde a igualdade esteja presente em todos os âmbitos. Por isso, há que educar a partir da escola em valores como a igualdade e a não discriminação e que melhor forma do que fazê-lo a partir de uma profissão tão bonita e desde uma pessoa tão referente para as crianças como é o professor. Objectivos: Investigar sobre "os estereótipos de gênero" que se dão dentro das aulas de educação física tanto por parte do professor como pelos atos que têm as crianças na realização da prática desta matéria. Métodos: Pesquisa e desenvolvimento através de métodos de informação (revistas, livros, artigos…) e mediante um inquérito realizado a docentes. Resultados e discussão: Com os resultados obtidos da pesquisa mais os conteúdos pesquisados podemos dizer que ainda há discriminação nas classes de educação física já que os professores tendem a separar os esportes, Em comparação com anos anteriores, registou-se uma melhoria no que se refere ao pensamento de igualdade e ao método de ensino. Conclusões: O papel das mulheres no desporto está a ser considerado cada vez mais importante e igual. Há ainda um longo caminho a percorrer para se alcançar uma igualdade plena e equitativa

Observation of second sound in a rapidly varying temperature field in Ge

Second sound is known as the thermal transport regime where heat is carried by temperature waves. Its experimental observation was previously restricted to a small number of materials, usually in rather narrow temperature windows. We show that it is possible to overcome these limitations by driving the system with a rapidly varying temperature field. This effect is demonstrated in bulk Ge between 7 kelvin and room temperature, studying the phase lag of the thermal response under a harmonic high frequency external thermal excitation, addressing the relaxation time and the propagation velocity of the heat waves. These results provide a new route to investigate the potential of wave-like heat transport in almost any material, opening opportunities to control heat through its oscillatory nature.Comment: After careful revision we have ruled out the presence of coherent noise and from any other noise source within the reported data. We have updated the manuscript providing a detailed analysis of the photoreflectance signal, demonstrating with experiments its thermal origi

Rheological Behaviour of an Insoluble Lemon Fibre as Affected by Stirring, Temperature, Time and Storage

The final publication is available at link.springer.comIn this work, the effect the preparation method (two different stirring systems at two temperatures and times), fibre concentration (between 2% and 3%), temperature (between 10 °C and 50 °C) and storage time (between 24 h and 50 days at 5 °C) had on the flow properties of a suspension of dietary lemon fibre prepared with a 45° Brix sucrose solution were evaluated. This information will be helpful in order to discover the best possibilities of using fibre to increase the viscosity of certain kinds of products, depending on the processing, storage and consumption conditions. The obtained results indicate that all the aspects which contribute to increase component solubilisation and the interaction of the insoluble fraction with the aqueous phase when preparing the suspension, such as a decrease in particle size, a rise in temperature or a longer homogenization time, entail a higher apparent viscosity. Moreover, favoring the solubilisation in the preparation process leads to a more stable rheological behaviour of the suspension during storage. As expected, the apparent viscosity of suspensions was dependent on the shear rate, concentration and temperature. A thixotropic behaviour of fibre suspension was only observed at a very low shear rate (5 s -1). © 2010 Springer Science + Business Media, LLC.Córdoba Sequeira, A.; Camacho Vidal, MM.; Martínez Navarrete, N. (2012). Rheological Behaviour of an Insoluble Lemon Fibre as Affected by Stirring, Temperature, Time and Storage. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 5(3):1083-1092. doi:10.1007/s11947-010-0478-2S1083109253Akdogan, H., & McHugh, T.-H. (2000). Flow characterization of peach products during extrusion. Food Engineering and Physical Properties, 65(3), 471–475.Alonso, M.-L., Larrodé, O., & Zapico, J. (1995). Rheological behaviour of infant foods. Journal of Texture Studies, 26, 193–202.Duran, L., & Costell, E. (1982). Rheology of apricot puree: Characterization of flow. Journal of Texture Studies, 13, 43–58.Flint O (1996) Microscopía de los alimentos. Manual de métodos prácticos utilizando la miscroscopía óptica. Ed. Acribia S-A, Zaragoza, 28, 108–111Grigelmo-Miguel, N., Gorinstein, S., & Martín-Belloso, O. (1999a). Characterisation of peach dietary fiber concentrate as food ingredient. Food Chemistry, 65, 175–181.Grigelmo-Miguel, N., Ibarz-Ribas, A., & Martín-Belloso, O. (1999b). Rheology of peach dietary fibre suspensions. Journal of Food Engineering, 39, 91–99.Guerrero S-N & Alzamora S-M. (1998). Effect of pH, temperature and glucose addition on flow behaviour of fruit purées: II. Peach, papaya and mango purées. Journal of Food Engineering, 37, 77–101.Guillon, F., & Champ, M. (2000). Structural and physical properties of dietary fibres, and consequences of processing on human physiology. Food Research International, 33, 233–245.Hahn, S.-J., Ree, T., & Eyring, G.-H. (1959). Flow mechanism of thixotropic substances. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 51, 856–857.Jongaroontaprangsee, S., Tritrong, W., & Chokanaporn, W. (2007). Effects of drying temperature and particle size on hydration properties of dietary fiber powder from lime and cabbage by-products. International Journal of Food Properties, 10, 887–897.Lario, Y., Sendra, E., Garcıa-Perez, J., Fuentes, C., Sayas-Barbera, E., Fernández-López, J., et al. (2004). Preparation of high dietary fiber powder from lemon juice by-products. Innovation of Food Science Emerging Technologies, 5, 113–117.Mahmoud M-I & Fugitt M (1996) Rheological properties of a calorically dense nutritional supplement as a function of nitrogen source and dietary fiber. In: IFT Annual Meeting. Book of Abstracts. 80A-26, 183Mizrahi, S. (1979). A review of the physicochemical approach to the analysis of the structural viscosity of fluid fruit products. Journal of Texture Studies, 10, 67–82.Paredes, M.-D.-C., Rao, M.-A., & Bourne, M.-C. (1998). Rheological characterization of salad dressings: 1. Steady shear, thixotropy and effect of temperature. Journal of Texture Studies, 19, 247–258.Raghavendra, S.-N., Ramachandra Swamy, S.-R., Rastogi, N.-K., Raghavarao, K.-S.-M.-S., Kumar, S., & Tharanathan, R.-N. (2006). Grinding characteristics and hydration properties of coconut residue: A source of dietary fiber. Journal of Food Engineering, 72, 281–286.Sakata, T., & Saito, M. (2007). Insoluble dietary fiber of wheat bran increased viscosity of pig whole cecal contents in vitro. Journal of Nutrition Science and Vitaminology, 53(4), 380–381.Saldaña, S., Martínez-Navarrete, N., & Chiralt, A. (2000). Caracterización Reológica de Alimentos de alta viscosidad. In P. Fito, A. Chiralt, A. Andrés, & N. Martínez-Navarrete (Eds.), Series de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Alimentos. Investigación del postgrado del IAD-DTA. Vol I (p. 383). Valencia: Editorial de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.Sangnark, A., & Noomhorm, A. (2003). Effect of particle sizes on functional properties of dietary fibre prepared from sugarcane bagasse. Food Chemistry, 80(2), 221–229

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13

Search for chargino-neutralino production with mass splittings near the electroweak scale in three-lepton final states in √s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry through the pair production of electroweakinos with mass splittings near the electroweak scale and decaying via on-shell W and Z bosons is presented for a three-lepton final state. The analyzed proton-proton collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of √s=13  TeV were collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139  fb−1. A search, emulating the recursive jigsaw reconstruction technique with easily reproducible laboratory-frame variables, is performed. The two excesses observed in the 2015–2016 data recursive jigsaw analysis in the low-mass three-lepton phase space are reproduced. Results with the full data set are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations. They are interpreted to set exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on simplified models of chargino-neutralino pair production for masses up to 345 GeV

Search for direct stau production in events with two hadronic tau-leptons in root s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of the supersymmetric partners ofτ-leptons (staus) in final stateswith two hadronically decayingτ-leptons is presented. The analysis uses a dataset of pp collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of139fb−1, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LargeHadron Collider at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. No significant deviation from the expected StandardModel background is observed. Limits are derived in scenarios of direct production of stau pairs with eachstau decaying into the stable lightest neutralino and oneτ-lepton in simplified models where the two staumass eigenstates are degenerate. Stau masses from 120 GeV to 390 GeV are excluded at 95% confidencelevel for a massless lightest neutralino

Search for squarks and gluinos in events with isolated leptons, jets and missing transverse momentum at s√=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for supersymmetry in final states containing at least one isolated lepton (electron or muon), jets and large missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. The search is based on proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy s√=8 TeV collected in 2012, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20 fb−1. No significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed. Limits are set on supersymmetric particle masses for various supersymmetric models. Depending on the model, the search excludes gluino masses up to 1.32 TeV and squark masses up to 840 GeV. Limits are also set on the parameters of a minimal universal extra dimension model, excluding a compactification radius of 1/R c = 950 GeV for a cut-off scale times radius (ΛR c) of approximately 30