La progettazione di sistemi di supporto al compito in ambienti complessi: studi sul controllo del traffico aereo.

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Bake-out Mobile Controls for Large Vacuum Systems

Large vacuum systems at CERN (Large Hadron Collider - LHC, Low Energy Ion Rings - LEIR...) require bake-out to achieve ultra-high vacuum specifications

The New Control System for the Vacuum of ISOLDE

The On-Line Isotope Mass Separator (ISOLDE) is a facility dedicated to the production of radioactive ion beams for nuclear and atomic physics. From ISOLDE vacuum sectors to the pressurized exhaust gas storage tanks there are up to five stages of pumping for a total of more than one hundred pumps including turbo-molecular, cryogenic, dry, membrane and oil pumps. The ISOLDE vacuum control system is critical; the volatile radioactive elements present in the exhaust gases and the high and ultra high vacuum pressure specifications require a complex control and interlock system. This paper describes the reengineering of the control system developed using the CERN UNICOS-CPC framework. An additional challenge has been the usage of the UNICOS-CPC in a vacuum domain for the first time. The process automation provides multiple operating modes (rough pumping, bake-out, high vacuum pumping, regeneration for cryo-pumped sectors, venting, etc). The control system is composed of local controllers driven by PLC (logic, interlocks) and a SCADA application (operation, alarms monitoring and diagnostics)

The Control System of CERN Accelerators Vacuum (LS1 Activities and New Developments)

After 3 years of operation, the LHC entered its first Long Shutdown period (LS1), in February 2013 [1]. Major consolidation and maintenance works are being performed across the whole CERN’s Accelerator chain, in order to prepare the LHC to restart at higher energy, in 2015. The injector chain shall resume earlier, in mid-14. We report about the on-going vacuum-controls projects. Some of them concern the renovation of the controls of certain machines; others are associated with the consolidations of the vacuum systems of LHC and its injectors; and a few are completely new installations. ue to the wide age-span of the existing vacuum installations, there is a mix of design philosophies and of control-equipment generations. The renovations and the novel projects offer an opportunity to improve the uniformity and efficiency of vacuum controls by: reducing the number of equipment versions with similar functionality; identifying, naming, labelling, and documenting all pieces of equipment; homogenizing the control architectures, while converging to a common software framework

Recommissioning of the COLDEX experiment at CERN

COLDEX (COLD bore EXperiment), installed in the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN, is a test vacuum sector used in 2001-2004 to validate the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) cryogenic vacuum system with LHC type proton beams. In the framework of the R&D for the High Luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC), COLDEX has been re-commissioned in 2014. The objective is the validation of the performance of amorphous carbon (a-C) coating at cryogenic temperature with LHC type beams. The existing COLDEX Cu beam screen has been therefore dismounted and carbon coated, while a complete overhaul of the vacuum, cryogenic and control systems has been carried out. This contribution describes the phases of recommissioning, reviews the current experimental set-up and gives an overview of the possible measurements with COLDEX, in view of its HL-LHC experimental program

Botany and Medicine

In both theoretical and practical medicine, the study of plants played a significant role in the early modern period. As branches of medical knowledge, herbs, plants, and vegetal bodies were the subject of (1) the fabrication of therapeutics, called simples; (2) the discipline of signatures, the knowledge of the hidden key connecting bodies; and (3) the physiological study of living functions, such as growth, nutrition, and generation. Drawing on ancient scholarly tradition, the work of early modern physicians, chymists, women, and natural philosophers reveals the medical importance of botany, which slowly attained an autonomous status in the seventeenth century