A critical analysis of Peru's HIV grant proposals to the Global Fund.

Peru has applied to six of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (the Global Fund) rounds for funding, achieving success on four occasions. The process of proposal development has, however, been criticised, especially concerning the use of evidence, relevance/consistency and performance indicators. We aimed to analyse the Peruvian Global Fund proposals according to those dimensions, providing feedback to improve future local efforts and inform global discussions around Global Fund procedures. We analysed the content of four HIV-focused proposals (rounds 2, 5, 6 and 8) regarding epidemic context, needs identification and prioritisation and monitoring and evaluation systems. Peruvian proposals submitted after round 1 were described as resulting from collaborative inputs involving formerly unrepresented sectors, principally 'vulnerable populations'. However, difficulties arose regarding the amount and quality of evidence about the epidemiological context; limited consideration of social determinants of the epidemic; lack of theory-driven interventions, and little synergy across projects and the inclusion of weak monitoring and evaluation systems, with poor indicators and measurement procedures. Prioritising the development of analytical and technical skills to generate Global Fund proposals would enhance the country's capacity to produce and utilise evidence, improve the technical-political interface, strengthen information systems and lead to more informed decision making and accountability

Modeling the video distribution link in the Next Generation Optical Access Networks

In this work we present a model for the design and optimization of the video distribution link in the next generation optical access network. We analyze the video distribution performance in a SCM-WDM link, including the noise, the distortion and the fiber optic nonlinearities. Additionally, we consider in the model the effect of distributed Raman amplification, used to extent the capacity and the reach of the optical link. In the model, we use the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the purpose to obtain capacity limitations and design constrains of the next generation optical access networks. In this work we present a model for the design and optimization of the video distribution link in the next generation optical access network. We analyze the video distribution performance in a SCM-WDM link, including the noise, the distortion and the fiber optic nonlinearities. Additionally, we consider in the model the effect of distributed Raman amplification, used to extent the capacity and the reach of the optical link. In the model, we use the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the purpose to obtain capacity limitations and design constrains of the next generation optical access networks

After the Global Fund: who can sustain the HIV/AIDS response in Peru and how?

Peru has received around $70 million from Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund). Recent economic growth resulted in grant ineligibility, enabling greater government funding, yet doubts remain concerning programme continuity. This study examines the transition from Global Fund support to increasing national HIV/AIDS funding in Peru (2004-2012) by analysing actor roles, motivations and effects on policies, identifying recommendations to inform decision-makers on priority areas. A conceptual framework, which informed data collection, was developed. Thirty-five in-depth interviews were conducted from October to December 2011 in Lima, Peru, among key stakeholders involved in HIV/AIDS work. Findings show that Global Fund involvement led to important breakthroughs in the HIV/AIDS response, primarily concerning treatment access, focus on vulnerable populations and development of a coordination body. Nevertheless, reliance on Global Fund financing for prevention activities via non-governmental organisations, compounded by lack of government direction and weak regional governance, diluted power and caused role uncertainty. Strengthening government and regional capacity and fostering accountability mechanisms will facilitate an effective transition to government-led financing. Only then can achievements gained from the Global Fund presence be maintained, providing lessons for countries seeking to sustain programmes following donor exit

El papel del vínculo psicoafectivo familiar en el tránsito de la educación presencial a la educación virtual y remota en el marco de la emergencia sanitaria por la Covid-19

The Family Psycho-Affective Bond is considered a fundamental concept in the social and affective development of the human being, which has been studied by the human sciences with great thoroughness and detail. Similarly, there is a great documentary review of this topic and its relationship with the teaching-learning processes. However, in the praxis of education, the Family Psycho-Affective Bonds take second place and it is the cognitive processes that take on relevance, disarticulating this psychological pair on which the success of training throughout life depends. Therefore, it is noteworthy that the transition from Face-to-Face Education to Virtual and Remote Education, in the context of the Covid-19 Health Emergency that the entire world is experiencing, has been a great challenge for Teachers, Parents, Students and Educational System. However, this situation has forced the school to move to the simplicity of the home, and with it, the essence of Family Psycho-Affective Bonds in pedagogical processes and the involvement of the family in the integral formation of the human being, is retaken. Therefore, this reflective article aims to analyze the importance of the Family Psycho-Affective Bond in the transition from Face-to-Face Education to Virtual and Remote Education, in the framework of the Health Emergency due to the Covid-19 Virus, and the author supports his criteria in the need to articulate —in the Children and Adolescents— the affective processes with the cognitive ones in this new form of education from home, concluding that, this new teaching approach, based on the synchronicity of these two components, opens up the possibility of an educational revolution. Throughout this article, two fundamental positions will be addressed: first, a succinct theoretical explanation of the dysfunctionality of the Family and School Psycho-Affective Bond in Traditional Education is presented. And, on the other hand, the need to reconstruct the Affective Bond in the transition from Face-to-Face Education to Virtual and Remote Education, within the framework of the Health Emergency due to the Covid-19 Virus.El Vínculo Psicoafectivo Familiar se considera un concepto fundamental en el desarrollo social y afectivo del ser humano, el cual ha sido estudiado por las ciencias humanas con gran minuciosidad y detalle. De igual manera, existe una gran revisión documental de este tema y su relación con los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Sin embargo, en la praxis de la educación, los Vínculos Psicoafectivos Familiares pasan a un segundo plano y son los procesos cognitivos los que cobran relevancia desarticulando esta dupla psicológica de la cual depende el éxito de la formación a lo largo de la vida. Por lo anterior, es de resaltar que el tránsito de la Educación Presencial a la Educación Virtual y Remota, en el marco de la Emergencia Sanitaria por Covid-19 que vive el mundo entero, ha sido un gran reto para Docentes, Padres, Estudiantes y Sistema Educativo. Sin embargo, esta coyuntura ha obligado a que la Escuela se traslade a la sencillez del hogar, y, con ello, se retoma la esencia de los Vínculos Psicoafectivos Familiares en los procesos pedagógicos y la implicación de la Familia en la formación integral del ser humano. Por lo anterior, este artículo reflexivo tiene como objetivo analizar la importancia del Vínculo Psicoafectivo Familiar en el tránsito de la Educación Presencial a la Educación Virtual y Remota, en el marco de la Emergencia Sanitaria por el Virus Covid-19, y el autor apoya su criterio en la necesidad de articular —en los Niños y Adolescentes— los procesos afectivos con los cognitivos en esta nueva forma de educación desde casa, concluyendo que, este nuevo enfoque de enseñanza, basado en la sincronicidad de estos dos componentes, abren la posibilidad de una revolución educativa. A lo largo de este artículo, se abordarán dos posturas fundamentales: en primer lugar, se presenta una explicación teórica sucinta de la disfuncionalidad del Vínculo Psicoafectivo Familiar y Escolar en la Educación Tradicional. Y, por otra parte, la necesidad de la reconstrucción del vínculo afectivo en el tránsito de la Educación Presencial a la Educación Virtual y Remota, en el marco de la Emergencia Sanitaria por el Virus Covid-19

UABICI Walking Intervention Related To BMI, BP And Emotional Attitude

INTRODUCTION: Physical activity is defined as bodily activity that results in energy expenditure. Exercise refers to physical activity that is structured to meet specific fitness gains. Maintaining a physically active lifestyle has been associated with health outcomes that include benefits to cognitive function. Exercise can increase levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and other growth factors, stimulate neurogenesis, and improve learning and mental performance. The American College of Sports Medicine recommends that most adults engage in a regular exercise regime in order to maintain health and wellbeing. PURPOSE: Apply at UABC Valle Dorado developed Program every last Sunday of each month that consists in two activities: One was walking 5km /at 5 METs and the other was cycling 10 km with low effort. Every participant did a route by walking or cycling. A monthly intervention with promotion, prevention and measurement of BMI, BP. That activity was done 75 times. METHODS: Participants were 150 students and family members over 18 years old. The design was, observational and correlational. Medicine school students were checking before the physical activity BP, BMI, warm exercises to experience equilibrium, for about 15 minutes with jumping jacks, pushups, before walking. 5METS/ 5km Psychology students applied violent survey. Since 1st UABICI until the last 75th August 2017. RESULTS: Mean age was 22 years old. Participants on baseline mean BMI was 27.5 (5.1) kg/m2 with 38.1 normal, 29.9 % overweight, and 30.0% obese. At the end of the intervention, the participants reduced BMI, 26.4 with 40 % normal, 32% overweight and 28% obese. BP was normal. CONCLUSION: Participants were 98 percent students and only 2 percentage of teachers, that achieved lower obesity parameters compared with the initial measure. Some students started to form groups of cycling and walking, at the time they noticed the results

Estado periodontal y microbiota subgingival en mujeres preeclámpticas.

Objetivos: Describir el estado periodontal y la microbiota subgingival de mujeres gestantes con diagnostico de preeclampsia en el Hospital Universitario del Valle (HUV) de Cali-Colombia. Metodología: Participaron 81 mujeres con diagnóstico de preeclampsia, internadas en el Hospital Universitario del Valle, a quienes se les colectaron datos médicos y periodontales tales como profundidad al sondeo, nivel de inserción clínica, índice gingival y periodontal, con el fin de realizar el diagnóstico clínico periodontal teniendo en cuenta los parámetros de la Academia Americana de Periodoncia (AAP 1999); además se tomaron muestras microbiológicas subgingivales para cultivo e identificación de bacterias periodontopatógenas. Resultados: El 63 de la gestantes presentó preeclampsia leve y el 27.2 preeclampsia severa. Un 91.4 (n=74) de las pacientes presentó afección en el estado de salud periodontal dentro del cual el 59.3 (n=48) presentó un diagnóstico de periodontitis crónica y solo el 8.6 de las gestantes presentó un buen estado de salud periodontal. Los microorganismos periodontopáticos más frecuentes en las mujeres con preeclampsia fueron Fusobacterium ssp 80.2 (n=65), Porphyromonas gingivalis 59.3 (n = 48) y Prevotella intermedian/nigrescens 51.9 (n=42). Conclusiones: Se encontró que una alta proporción de las mujeres con preeclampsia tuvo afección en el estado periodontal con predominio de un diagnostico clínico de periodontitis crónica y presencia de una microbiota periodontopática. Solo un bajo porcentaje de las gestantes presentaron un estado de salud periodontal