A Pair of Dopamine Neurons Target the D1-Like Dopamine Receptor DopR in the Central Complex to Promote Ethanol-Stimulated Locomotion in Drosophila

Dopamine is a mediator of the stimulant properties of drugs of abuse, including ethanol, in mammals and in the fruit fly Drosophila. The neural substrates for the stimulant actions of ethanol in flies are not known. We show that a subset of dopamine neurons and their targets, through the action of the D1-like dopamine receptor DopR, promote locomotor activation in response to acute ethanol exposure. A bilateral pair of dopaminergic neurons in the fly brain mediates the enhanced locomotor activity induced by ethanol exposure, and promotes locomotion when directly activated. These neurons project to the central complex ellipsoid body, a structure implicated in regulating motor behaviors. Ellipsoid body neurons are required for ethanol-induced locomotor activity and they express DopR. Elimination of DopR blunts the locomotor activating effects of ethanol, and this behavior can be restored by selective expression of DopR in the ellipsoid body. These data tie the activity of defined dopamine neurons to D1-like DopR-expressing neurons to form a neural circuit that governs acute responding to ethanol

Comprehensive analysis of local and nonlocal amplitudes in the B 0 → K *0 μ + μ − decay

A comprehensive study of the local and nonlocal amplitudes contributing to the decay B0 → K*0(→ K+π−)μ+μ− is performed by analysing the phase-space distribution of the decay products. The analysis is based on pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.4 fb−1 collected by the LHCb experiment. This measurement employs for the first time a model of both one-particle and two-particle nonlocal amplitudes, and utilises the complete dimuon mass spectrum without any veto regions around the narrow charmonium resonances. In this way it is possible to explicitly isolate the local and nonlocal contributions and capture the interference between them. The results show that interference with nonlocal contributions, although larger than predicted, only has a minor impact on the Wilson Coefficients determined from the fit to the data. For the local contributions, the Wilson Coefficient C9, responsible for vector dimuon currents, exhibits a 2.1σ deviation from the Standard Model expectation. The Wilson Coefficients C10, C9′ and C10′ are all in better agreement than C9 with the Standard Model and the global significance is at the level of 1.5σ. The model used also accounts for nonlocal contributions from B0→ K*0[τ+τ−→ μ+μ−] rescattering, resulting in the first direct measurement of the bsττ vector effective-coupling C9τ

Amplitude analysis and branching fraction measurement of B + → D ∗ − D s + π + decays

The decays of the B+ meson to the final state D∗−Ds+π+ are studied in proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 9 fb−1. The ratio of branching fractions of the B+→D∗−Ds+π+ and B0→D∗−Ds+ decays is measured to be 0.173 ± 0.006 ± 0.010, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. Using partially reconstructed Ds∗+→Ds+γ and Ds+π0 decays, the ratio of branching fractions between the B+→D∗−Ds∗+π+ and B+→D∗−Ds+π+ decays is determined as 1.31 ± 0.07 ± 0.14. An amplitude analysis of the B+→D∗−Ds+π+ decay is performed for the first time, revealing dominant contributions from known excited charm resonances decaying to the D*−π+ final state. No significant evidence of exotic contributions in the Ds+π+ or D∗−Ds+ channels is found. The fit fraction of the scalar state Tcs¯0∗2900++ observed in the B+→D−Ds+π+ decay is determined to be less than 2.3% at a 90% confidence level

Transverse polarization measurement of Λ hyperons in pNe collisions at s NN = 68. 4 GeV with the LHCb detector

A measurement of the transverse polarization of the Λ and Λ¯ hyperons in pNe fixed-target collisions at sNN = 68.4 GeV is presented using data collected by the LHCb detector. The polarization is studied using the decay Λ → pπ− together with its charge conjugated process, the integrated values measured arePΛ=0.029±0.019stat±0.012syst, PΛ¯=0.003±0.023stat±0.014syst. Furthermore, the results are shown as a function of the Feynman x variable, transverse momentum, pseudorapidity and rapidity of the hyperons, and are compared with previous measurements

Tracking of charged particles with nanosecond lifetimes at LHCb

A method is presented to reconstruct charged particles with lifetimes between 10ps and 10ns, which considers a combination of their decay products and the partial tracks created by the initial charged particle. Using the Ξ- baryon as a benchmark, the method is demonstrated with simulated events and proton-proton collision data at s=13TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.0fb-1 collected with the LHCb detector in 2018. Significant improvements in the angular resolution and the signal purity are obtained. The method is implemented as part of the LHCb Run 3 event trigger in a set of requirements to select detached hyperons. This is the first demonstration of the applicability of this approach at the LHC, and the first to show its scaling with instantaneous luminosity

Amplitude analysis of the radiative decay B s 0 → K + K − γ

A search for radiative decay of Bs0 mesons to orbitally excited K+K− states is performed using proton proton collisions recorded by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb−1. The dikaon spectrum in the mass range mKK < 2400 MeV/c2 is dominated by the ϕ(1020) resonance that accounts for almost 70% of the decay rate. Considering the possible contributions of f2(1270), f2′(1525) and f2(2010) meson states, the overall tensor contribution to the amplitude is measured to beFf2=16.8±0.5stat.±0.7syst.%, mostly dominated by the f2′(1525) state. Several statistically equivalent solutions are obtained for the detailed resonant structure depending on whether the smaller amplitudes interfere destructively or constructively with the dominant amplitude. The preferred solution that corresponds to the lowest values of the fit fractions along with constructive interference leads to the relative branching ratio measurementBBs0→f2′γBBs0→ϕγ=19.4−0.8+0.9stat.−0.5+1.4syst.±0.5B%, where the last uncertainty is due to the ratio of measured branching fractions to the K+K− final state. This result represents the first observation of the radiative Bs0→f2′1525γ decay, which is the second radiative transition observed in the Bs0 sector

Multiplicity dependence of σ ψ (2 S ) /σ J/ψ in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV

The ratio of production cross-sections of ψ(2S) over J/ψ mesons as a function of charged-particle multiplicity in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy s = 13 TeV is measured with a data sample collected by the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 658 pb−1. The ratio is measured for both prompt and non-prompt ψ(2S) and J/ψ mesons. When there is an overlap between the rapidity ranges over which multiplicity and charmonia production are measured, a multiplicity-dependent modification of the ratio is observed for prompt mesons. No significant multiplicity dependence is found when the ranges do not overlap. For non-prompt production, the ψ(2S)-to-J/ψ production ratio is roughly independent of multiplicity, irrespective of the rapidity range over which the multiplicity is measured. The results are compared to predictions of the co-mover model and agree well except in the low multiplicity region. The ratio of production cross-sections of ψ(2S) over J/ψ mesons are cross-checked with other measurements in di-lepton channels and found to be compatible

Search for CP violation in the phase space of D 0 → K S 0 K ± π ∓ decays with the energy test

A search for CP violation in D0→KS0K+π− and D0→KS0K−π+ decays is reported. The search is performed using an unbinned model-independent method known as the energy test that probes local CP violation in the phase space of the decays. The data analysed correspond to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb−1 collected in proton-proton collisions by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 13 TeV, amounting to approximately 950 thousand and 620 thousand signal candidates for the D0→KS0K−π+ and D0→KS0K+π− modes, respectively. The method is validated using D0 → K−π+π−π+ and D0→KS0π+π− decays, where CP-violating effects are expected to be negligible, and using background-enhanced regions of the signal decays. The results are consistent with CP symmetry in both the D0→KS0K−π+ and the D0→KS0K+π− decays, with p-values for the hypothesis of no CP violation of 70% and 66%, respectively

First observation of the Λ b 0 → D + D − Λ decay

The Λb0 → D+D−Λ decay is observed for the first time using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.3 fb−1. Using the B0 → D+D−KS0 decay as a reference channel, the product of the relative production cross-section and decay branching fractions is measured to beR=σΛb0σB0=BΛb0→D+D−ΛBB0→D+D−KS0=0.179±0.022±0.014, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The known branching fraction of the reference channel, BB0→D+D−KS0, and the cross-section ratio, σΛb0/σB0, previously measured by LHCb are used to derive the branching fraction of the Λb0→ D+D−Λ decayBΛb0→D+D−Λ=1.24±0.15±0.10±0.28±0.11×10−4, where the third and fourth contributions are due to uncertainties of BB0→D+D−KS0 and σΛb0/σB0, respectively. Inspection of the D+Λ and D+D− invariant-mass distributions suggests a rich presence of intermediate resonances in the decay. The Λb0 → D*+D−Λ decay is also observed for the first time as a partially reconstructed component in the D+D−Λ invariant mass spectrum