How does water get to the clouds? Building explanations about state changes in Early Childhood Education

Este estudio de caso en un aula de tercero de educación infantil (23 niñas y niños, 5-6 años, y su maestra) examina la evolución de las explicaciones del alumnado sobre cambios de estado líquido-gas a lo largo de cinco meses de un proyecto escolar de ciencias. Para construir sus explicaciones movilizaron tanto su conocimiento cotidiano como el conocimiento científico escolar. Desarrollaron la capacidad de aplicar el vocabulario científico para explicar sus experiencias cotidianas. El fenómeno de evaporación fue identificado y explicado por el alumnado con mayor facilidad que el fenómeno de condensación. Proponemos una rúbrica para analizar la construcción de explicaciones. Las implicaciones educativas sugieren que es recomendable iniciar el estudio de los cambios de estado en educación infantil, ya que el alumnado reconoce estos fenómenos, los relaciona con su conocimiento cotidiano y es capaz de construir explicaciones que pueden servir de base para desarrollar otras más complejas.This case study in a third year Early Childhood Education (ECE) classroom (23 children, 5-6 years old) and their teacher examines the evolution in children's explanations about state changes between liquid and gas in the course of a school science project that lasted for five months. They mobilized both their everyday and school science knowledge in order to build explanations. They developed the ability to apply scientific vocabulary to account for their everyday experiences. Children identified the phenomenon of evaporation more easily than the condensation. We propose a rubric for the analysis of the construction of explanations. Educational implications suggest that state changes should be addressed from ECE, since children are able to identify these phenomena, relate them to their everyday knowledge and build explanations about them, which may serve as a basis for developing more complex ones

Percepción de los problemas ambientales por el alumnado: los recursos naturales

Se presentan resultados de un estudio da las percepciones del alumnado da ESO y último ciclo de Primaria sobra lea problemas ambientales y en particular sobre lea recursos naturales. 366 alumnos y alumnas de centres da Galicia respondieron a un cuestionario abierto antes y después da la utilización de un comic sobre al agua. Los resultados confirman la hipótesis de que los problemas ambientales percibidos sen mayoritariamente lea relacionados con la degradación del medio y en mucha menor medida con la conservación da les recursos. Se discute también el que significa para el alumnado respetar el medio, y sus dificultadas para aplicar la idea de recurso. Se proponen algunas implicaciones para la enseñanza de las ciencias y la educación ambiental

Uso de datos, construcción de argumentos y evaluación de actuaciones sobre la degradación del litoral

Esta comunicación es parte de una investigación sobre el trabajo de los alumnos con pruebas y su argumentación en problemas socio-científicos: el caso de la pérdida de arena en una playa y su regeneración. Las cuestiones analizadas son: ¿qué datos utiliza el alumnado y a qué procesos apela para interpretar los cambios en la morfología litoral? Y ¿qué argumentos utiliza el alumnado para evaluar la regeneración del entorno emprendida por la administración? Los resultados muestran que los alumnos tienden a utilizar datos observacionales desconectados de los procesos subyacentes y sus causas. Sobre dichos procesos sin embargo, apelan a aquellos que derivan de la interferencia humana en los ciclos naturales y que suponen un mayor nivel de abstracción. En sus propuestas unas inciden sobre las causas de la alteración, aunque otras no son coherentes con sus evaluaciones

El paisaje eólico de la llanura aluvial de San Juan (Llanura Manchega Central)

[Resumen] El campo dunar de la Llanura aluvial de San Juan, esta caracterizado por la presencia dedunas arcillosas, limosas o limo-arcillosas. Morfologicamente, son dunas de tipo parabólico y otras con aspecto "cónico", "transverso" o "longitudinal", construidas por paleovientos efectivos que provenían del W y SW. Finalmente, se discute la edad y origen de estos complejos dunares.[Abstract] The dunes of the San Juan alluvial plain consists most characteristically of clayey, silty, and clayeysilty dunes, which morphologically are most commonly of parabolic type , but dome-shaped, transverse and linear dunes are present as well. These were built up by effective winds coming from the Wand SW. Finally, both the age and genesis of these dunes is discússed

The CACAO Method for Smoothing, Gap Filling, and Characterizing Seasonal Anomalies in Satellite Time Series

Consistent, continuous, and long time series of global biophysical variables derived from satellite data are required for global change research. A novel climatology fitting approach called CACAO (Consistent Adjustment of the Climatology to Actual Observations) is proposed to reduce noise and fill gaps in time series by scaling and shifting the seasonal climatological patterns to the actual observations. The shift and scale CACAO parameters adjusted for each season allow quantifying shifts in the timing of seasonal phenology and inter-annual variations in magnitude as compared to the average climatology. CACAO was assessed first over simulated daily Leaf Area Index (LAI) time series with varying fractions of missing data and noise. Then, performances were analyzed over actual satellite LAI products derived from AVHRR Long-Term Data Record for the 1981-2000 period over the BELMANIP2 globally representative sample of sites. Comparison with two widely used temporal filtering methods-the asymmetric Gaussian (AG) model and the Savitzky-Golay (SG) filter as implemented in TIMESAT-revealed that CACAO achieved better performances for smoothing AVHRR time series characterized by high level of noise and frequent missing observations. The resulting smoothed time series captures well the vegetation dynamics and shows no gaps as compared to the 50-60% of still missing data after AG or SG reconstructions. Results of simulation experiments as well as confrontation with actual AVHRR time series indicate that the proposed CACAO method is more robust to noise and missing data than AG and SG methods for phenology extraction

Composición fenólica de los vinos tintos de Bobal. Influencia de la poda y el aclareo (II)

[ES] La poda y el aclareo tienen gran influencia sobre el rendimiento del viñedo, haciendo posible la obtención de vinos de mayor calidad. En este trabajo se estudió la influencia de la poda y el aclareo sobre el contenido en compuestos fenólicos de los vinos tintos de Bobal elaborados con uvas procedentes de cepas con poda en corto de dos y cuatro varas y con o sin aclareo de racimos. Además de los parámetros característicos de los vinos, se determinaron los parámetros relacionados con los compuestos fenólicos, los índices de Glories por espectrofotometría, y las antocianidinas por HPLC. Los resultados obtenidos pusieron de manifiesto que el tipo de poda y el aclareo tienen una influencia significativa sobre el grado alcohólico, el pH, los azúcares reductores, la intensidad colorante, los taninos, y los índices de gelatina y DMACH. El vino obtenido a partir de cepas con dos varas y aclareo de racimos fue el que obtuvo la mejor relación suavidad/astringencia.[EN] Phenolic composition of Bobal red wines. Influence of pruning and thinning. Pruning and thinning have great influence on the performance of the vineyard, making it possible to obtain higher quality wines. In this work the influence of pruning and thinning on the phenolic compounds content of the red wines of Bobal elaborated with grapes from grapevine with short prunings of two and four branches and with or without thinning of clusters were studied. In addition to the characteristic parameters of the wines, parameters related to phenolic compounds, Glories indices by spectrophotometry, and anthocyanidins by HPLC were determined. The results showed that the type of pruning and thinning have a significant influence on alcoholic degree, pH, reducing sugars, color intensity, tannins, and gelatin and DMACH indices. The wine obtained from grapevines with two branches and thinning of clusters was the one that obtained the best relation smoothness/astringency.Hernández, L.; Aleixandre-Tudó, JL.; Girón, F.; Aleixandre Benavent, JL. (2017). Composición fenólica de los vinos tintos de Bobal. Influencia de la poda y el aclareo (II). Enoviticultura. 47:14-29. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/98932S14294

Guía para padres. Ayudándoles a evitar riesgos

Peer reviewe

An analysis of abstracts presented to the College on Problems of Drug Dependence meeting and subsequent publication in peer review journals

7 pages, 1 table, 1 figure.-- A preliminary version of the study was presented at the 2007 CPDD meeting (Quebec, Canada). Aleixandre, R., Valderrama, J.C., Bolaños, M., Bueno, F., Tortajada, S., Needle, P., Pérez de los Cobos, JC. (2007). The College on Problems of Drug Dependence (CPDD) 2007 Meeting Program & Abstracts Results Quebec, Canada. Retrieved March 6, 2008, from http:/ /biopsych.comBackground: Subsequent publication rate of abstracts presented at meetings is seen as an indicator of the interest and quality of the meeting. We have analyzed characteristics and rate publication in peer-reviewed journals derived from oral communications and posters presented at the 1999 College on Problems of Drug Dependence (CPDD) meeting.Methods: All 689 abstracts presented at the 1999 CPDD meeting were reviewed. In order to find the existence of publications derived from abstracts presented at that meeting, a set of bibliographical searches in the database Medline was developed in July 2006. Information was gathered concerning the abstracts, articles and journals in which they were published.Results: 254 out of 689 abstracts (36.9%) gave rise to at least one publication. The oral communications had a greater likelihood of being published than did the posters (OR = 2.53, 95% CI 1.80-3.55). The average time lapse to publication of an article was 672.97 days. The number of authors per work in the subsequent publications was 4.55. The articles were published in a total of 84 journals, of which eight were indexed with the subject term Substance-Related Disorders. Psychopharmacology (37 articles, 14.5%) was the journal that published the greatest number of articles subsequent to the abstracts presented at the 1999 CPDD meeting.Conclusion: One out of every three abstracts presented to the 1999 CPDD meeting were later published in peer-reviewed journals indexed in Medline. The subsequent publication of the abstracts presented in the CPDD meetings should be actively encouraged, as this maximizes the dissemination of the scientific research and therefore the investment.This research has been supported by the Plan Municipal de Drogodependencias, Ayuntamiento de Valencia, and the Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Red de Trastornos Adictivos RD06/0001/0020. Máxima Bolaños- Pizarro has collaborated thanks to the V Segles Program of the University of Valencia (Spain).Peer reviewe

Global mapping of randomised trials related articles published in high-impact-factor medical journals: a cross-sectional analysis

BACKGROUND: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) provide the most reliable information to inform clinical practice and patient care. We aimed to map global clinical research publication activity through RCT-related articles in high-impact-factor medical journals over the past five decades. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of articles published in the highest ranked medical journals with an impact factor > 10 (according to Journal Citation Reports published in 2017). We searched PubMed/MEDLINE (from inception to December 31, 2017) for all RCT-related articles (e.g. primary RCTs, secondary analyses and methodology papers) published in high-impact-factor medical journals. For each included article, raw metadata were abstracted from the Web of Science. A process of standardization was conducted to unify the different terms and grammatical variants and to remove typographical, transcription and/or indexing errors. Descriptive analyses were conducted (including the number of articles, citations, most prolific authors, countries, journals, funding sources and keywords). Network analyses of collaborations between countries and co-words are presented. RESULTS: We included 39,305 articles (for the period 1965-2017) published in forty journals. The Lancet (n = 3593; 9.1%), the Journal of Clinical Oncology (n = 3343; 8.5%) and The New England Journal of Medicine (n = 3275 articles; 8.3%) published the largest number of RCTs. A total of 154 countries were involved in the production of articles. The global productivity ranking was led by the United States (n = 18,393 articles), followed by the United Kingdom (n = 8028 articles), Canada (n = 4548 articles) and Germany (n = 4415 articles). Seventeen authors who had published 100 or more articles were identified; the most prolific authors were affiliated with Duke University (United States), Harvard University (United States) and McMaster University (Canada). The main funding institutions were the National Institutes of Health (United States), Hoffmann-La Roche (Switzerland), Pfizer (United States), Merck Sharp & Dohme (United States) and Novartis (Switzerland). The 100 most cited RCTs were published in nine journals, led by The New England Journal of Medicine (n = 78 articles), The Lancet (n = 9 articles) and JAMA (n = 7 articles). These landmark contributions focuse