Simvastatin attenuates intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion-induced injury in rat

Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is commonly seen in the field of intestine surgical interventions, shock, trauma, and many other clinical conditions. Simvastatin is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the effect of simvastatin administration in a warm intestinal I/R model on TNF-&#945;, antioxidant enzymes and intestinal tissue morphology. Thirty-six male wistar rats underwent laparotomy under general anaesthesia. Simvastatin was administered from four days before ischaemia induction. The rats were divided in to three groups (n = 12): the sham goup, the I/R group, and the I/R + simvastatin group. Intestinal ischaemia was induced by superior mesenteric artery ligation with microvascular clamps for 60 minutes, and after ischaemia, blood perfusion was released into the tissue and a reperfusion phase was started, which lasted for 3 hours. After 3 hours, the animals were sacrificed and serum and tissue obtained for biochemical and histological study. In the simvastatin treated group, intestinal tissue injury, TNF-&#945; level, and tissue malondealdehyde levels were significantly lower than in the I/R group (p < 0.05). Glutathion peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels were significantly higher in the simvastatin treated group than in the I/R group (p < 0.05). Simvastatin pretreatment reduced intestinal I/R injury and was associated with down- -regulation of serum TNF-&#945; and tissue malondealdehyde level, and simvastatin administration maintained cellular antioxidant enzyme contents compared to the I/R group after 3 hours reperfusion time

Simvastatin attenuates intestinal ischaemia/ /reperfusion-induced injury in rat

Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is commonly seen in the fiel

Nobiletin in cancer therapy: How this plant derived-natural compound targets various oncogene and onco-suppressor pathways

Cancer therapy is a growing field, and annually, a high number of research is performed to develop novel antitumor drugs. Attempts to find new antitumor drugs continue, since cancer cells are able to acquire resistance to conventional drugs. Natural chemicals can be considered as promising candidates in the field of cancer therapy due to their multiple-targeting capability. The nobiletin (NOB) is a ubiquitous flavone isolated from Citrus fruits. The NOB has a variety of pharmacological activities, such as antidiabetes, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective. Among them, the antitumor activity of NOB has been under attention over recent years. In this review, we comprehensively describe the efficacy of NOB in cancer therapy. NOB induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. It can suppress migration and invasion of cancer cells via the inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and EMT-related factors such as TGF-β, ZEB, Slug, and Snail. Besides, NOB inhibits oncogene factors such as STAT3, NF-κB, Akt, PI3K, Wnt, and so on. Noteworthy, onco-suppressor factors such as microRNA-7 and-200b undergo upregulation by NOB in cancer therapy. These onco-suppressor and oncogene pathways and mechanisms are discussed in this review. © 2020 by the authors