8,347 research outputs found
Multifunctional Magnetoelectric Materials for Device Applications
Mutiferroics are a novel class of next generation multifunctional materials,
which display simultaneous magnetic spin, electric dipole, and ferroelastic
ordering, and have drawn increasing interest due to their multi-functionality
for a variety of device applications. Since single-phase materials exist rarely
in nature with such cross-coupling properties, an intensive research activity
is being pursued towards the discovery of new single-phase multiferroic
materials and the design of new engineered materials with strong
magneto-electric (ME) coupling. This review article summarizes the development
of different kinds of multiferroic material: single-phase and composite
ceramic, laminated composite, and nanostructured thin films. Thin-film
nanostructures have higher magnitude direct ME coupling values and clear
evidence of indirect ME coupling compared with bulk materials. Promising ME
coupling coefficients have been reported in laminated composite materials in
which signal to noise ratio is good for device fabrication. We describe the
possible applications of these materials
Magnetic Effects on Dielectric and Polarization Behavior of Multiferroic Hetrostructures
PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3(PZT/LSMO) bilayer with surface roughness ~
1.8 nm thin films have been grown by pulsed laser deposition on LaAlO3(LAO)
substrates. High remnant polarization (30-54 micro C/cm2), dielectric
constant(400-1700), and well saturated magnetization were observed depending
upon the deposition temperature of the ferromagnetic layer and applied
frequencies. Giant frequency-dependent change in dielectric constant and loss
were observed above the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic temperature. The frequency
dependent dielectric anomalies are attributed to the change in metallic and
magnetic nature of LSMO and also the interfacial effect across the bilayer; an
enhanced magnetoelectric interaction may be due to the Parish-Littlewood
mechanism of inhomogeneity near the metal-dielectric interface.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Growth and development of the banana plant3. A. The origin of the inflorescence and the development of the flowers: B. The structure and development of the fruit
In this paper, which is presented in two parts, the growth and development of the banana plant have been examined from the standpoint of the origin of the inflorescence and the development of the flowers (Part A) and the structure and development of the fruit (Part B). First the main centres of growth in these structures are located and the manner of their development is presented. Thereafter, attention is focused upon the salient events which determine the alternative courses of development with a view to designating the chemical and physiological stimuli that may be required
EXAMINING THE CRB INDEX AS AN INDICATOR FOR U.S. INFLATION
This paper analyzes historical movements in the commodity futures market and the relationship to inflation. Specifically, the relationship between the Commodity Research Bureau (CRB) Index and United States inflation is investigated. It is said that the relationship between the CRB index and the U.S. inflation rate was greater in the some periods than in another period. Then in recent times the CRB Index has proven to be a reliable early indicator of inflation. As the composition of the United States economy changes, the Commodity Research Bureau must make adjustments in order to provide a viable service.CRB index, Commodities Research Bureau, inflation, Vector Autoregression, Marketing, Public Economics, E00, E30,
Visual speech encoding based on facial landmark registration
Visual Speech Recognition (VSR) related studies largely ignore the use of state of the art approaches in facial landmark localization, and are also deficit of robust visual features and its temporal encoding. In this work, we propose a visual speech temporal encoding by integrating state of the art fast and accurate facial landmark detection based on ensemble of regression trees learned using gradient boosting. The main contribution of this work is in proposing a fast and simple encoding of visual speech features derived from vertically symmetric point pairs (VeSPP) of facial landmarks corresponding to lip regions, and demonstrating their usefulness in temporal sequence comparisons using Dynamic Time Warping. VSR can be either speaker dependent (SD) or speaker independent (SI), and each of them poses different kind of challenges. In this work, we consider the SD scenario, and obtain 82.65% recognition accuracy on OuluVS database. Unlike recent research in VSR which makes use of auxiliary information such as audio, depth and color channels, our approach does not impose such constraints
Total scattering descriptions of local and cooperative distortions in the oxide spinel (Mg,Cu)Cr2O4 with dilute Jahn-Teller ions
The normal spinel oxide MgCr2O4 is cubic at room temperature while the normal
spinel CuCr2O4 is tetragonal as a consequence of the Jahn-Teller nature of Cu2+
on the tetrahedral sites. Despite different end-member structures, complete
solid solutions of Mg_{1-x}Cu_xCr2O4 can be prepared that display a first-order
structural transition with composition x = 0.43 at room temperature. Reverse
Monte Carlo analysis of total neutron scattering on data acquired between 300 K
and 15 K on samples with x = 0.10, 0.20, and 0.43 provides unbiased local and
average structure descriptions of the samples, including an understanding of
the transition from local Jahn-Teller distortions in the cubic phase to
cooperative distortions that result in a tetragonal structure. Distributions of
continuous symmetry measures help to understand and distinguish distorted and
undistorted coordination around the tetrahedral site in the solid solutions.
Magnetic exchange bias is observed in field-cooled hysteresis loops of samples
with dilute Cu2+ concentration and in samples with tetragonal--cubic phase
coexistence around 300 K.Comment: 10 pages, 14 figure
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