Refractive elastic scattering of carbon and oxygen nuclei: The mean field analysis and Airy structures

The experimental data on the $^{16}$O$+^{12}$C and $^{18}$O$+^{12}$C elastic scatterings and their optical model analysis are presented. Detailed and complete elastic angular distributions have been measured at the Strasbourg Vivitron accelerator at several energies covering the energy range between 5 and 10 MeV per nucleon. The elastic scattering angular distributions show the usual diffraction pattern and also, at larger angles, refractive effects in the form of nuclear rainbow and associated Airy structures. The optical model analysis unambiguously shows the evolution of the refractive scattering pattern. The observed structure, namely the Airy minima, can be consistently described by a nucleus-nucleus potential with a deep real part and a weakly absorptive imaginary part. The difference in absorption in the two systems is explained by an increased imaginary (mostly surface) part of the potential in the $^{18}$O$+^{12}$C system. The relation between the obtained potentials and those reported for the symmetrical $^{16}$O$+^{16}$O and $^{12}$C$+^{12}$C systems is drawn.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, Phys. rev. C in pres

Mammary tuberculosis – importance of recognition and differentiation from that of a breast malignancy: report of three cases and review of the literature

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>While tuberculosis of the breast is an extremely uncommon entity seen in western populations, it accounts for up to 3% of all treatable breast lesions in developing countries.</p> <p>Case presentations</p> <p>We reviewed three female cases of mammary tuberculosis that were diagnosed and treated in Turkey during the same calendar year. All three patients presented with a painful breast mass. In all cases, fine needle aspiration was nondiagnostic for mammary tuberculosis. However, the diagnosis of mammary tuberculosis was confirmed by histopathologic evaluation at the time of open surgical biopsy. All three patients were treated with antituberculous therapy for six months. At the end of the treatment period, each patient appeared to be clinically and radiologically without evidence of residual disease.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The diagnosis of mammary tuberculosis rests on the appropriate clinical suspicion and the histopathologic findings of the breast lesion. Its recognition and differentiation from that of a breast malignancy is absolutely necessary. Antituberculous chemotherapy, initiated immediately upon diagnosis, forms the mainstay of treatment for mammary tuberculosis.</p

Fusion and Binary-Decay Mechanisms in the 35^{35}Cl+24^{24}Mg System at E/A ≈\approx 8 MeV/Nucleon

Compound-nucleus fusion and binary-reaction mechanisms have been investigated for the $^{35}$Cl+$^{24}$Mg system at an incident beam energy of E$_{Lab}$= 282 MeV. Charge distributions, inclusive energy spectra, and angular distributions have been obtained for the evaporation residues and the binary fragments. Angle-integrated cross sections have been determined for evaporation residues from both the complete and incomplete fusion mechanisms. Energy spectra for binary fragment channels near to the entrance-channel mass partition are characterized by an inelastic contribution that is in addition to a fully energy damped component. The fully damped component which is observed in all the binary mass channels can be associated with decay times that are comparable to, or longer than the rotation period. The observed mass-dependent cross sections for the fully damped component are well reproduced by the fission transition-state model, suggesting a fusion followed by fission origin. The present data cannot, however, rule out the possibility that a long-lived orbiting mechanism accounts for part or all of this yield.Comment: 41 pages standard REVTeX file, 14 Figures available upon request -

Recurring angular distribution patterns in resonant heavy-ion reactions

It has been noticed that a distinct resemblance exists at large angles among angular distributions measured for reaction channels at the energies of some resonance-like structures in the $^{12}C$+$^{12}C$ and $^{14}C$+$^{16}O$ systems. It is pointed out that such forms are typical of a diffraction pattern of a broad band of coherent partial waves

Refractive effects and difference in absorption between 12^{12}C + 16^{16}O and 12^{12}C + 18^{18}O

Hydro-Québec has used a new approach for Reliability Assessment with a prototype called FIORD, a French acronym for a global reliability assessment system. What were the context and the reasons for these new developments? What's new in this approach? How does it work? What did it bring? In the context of recommending a distribution MV grid automation program, Hydro-Québec had to evaluate the benefits of various automation scenarios in order to compare the expected improvements with the present situation. The study had to cover the entire distribution MV grid, using input data representing correctly the present situation and simulation techniques which are sensitive to various scenarios according to the improvements brought by new technologies. In order to fulfill these requirements, a new global approach had to be introduced. The FIORD prototype is based on a new method for the calculation of outage duration for each delivery point: • Detailed simulation of the Outage / Restoration process • System modelling representing: protection, switching, monitoring, communication, remote control, etc. • Analysis and reasoning • Decision making and action In addition, each study covers a set of feeders – possibly a region or the whole distribution MV grid – where various scenarios are compared. In each scenario, automatic modifications of feeders' topology and equipment are brought according to designer's rules. This global approach allowed Hydro-Quebec to quantify the improvement of the reliability of its distribution MV grid due to 9 major scenarios. Such a study would have been impossible with the available reliability assessment tools: • 24300 studies would have been necessary with present software. • Restoration time for a delivery point would not have taken into account the particularities of each scenario. Therefore, the new global approach developed for FIORD is a technical Breakthrough. Upgrading existing tools in order to include FIORD's new approach becomes a necessity. Now, the new methodology developed for this prototype has to be incorporated into a commercial high quality software and benefit of all its valuable features