Quality of Type 2 Diabetes Management in the States of The Co-Operation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf: A Systematic Review

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a growing, worldwide public health concern. Recent growth has been particularly dramatic in the states of The Co-operation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC), and these and other developing economies are at particular risk. We aimed to systematically review the quality of control of type 2 diabetes in the GCC, and the nature and efficacy of interventions. We identified 27 published studies for review. Studies were identified by systematic database searches. Medline and Embase were searched separately (via Dialog and Ovid, respectively; 1950 to July 2010 (Medline), and 1947 to July 2010 (Embase)) on 15/07/2009. The search was updated on 08/07/2010. Terms such as diabetes mellitus, non-insulin-dependent, hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and Gulf States were used. Our search also included scanning reference lists, contacting experts and hand-searching key journals. Studies were judged against pre-determined inclusion/exclusion criteria, and where suitable for inclusion, data extraction/quality assessment was achieved using a specifically-designed tool. All studies wherein glycaemic-, blood pressure- and/or lipid- control were investigated (clinical and/or process outcomes) were eligible for inclusion. No limitations on publication type, publication status, study design or language of publication were imposed. We found the extent of control to be sub-optimal and relatively poor. Assessment of the efficacy of interventions was difficult due to lack of data, but suggestive that more widespread and controlled trial of secondary prevention strategies may have beneficial outcomes. We found no record of audited implementation of primary preventative strategies and anticipate that controlled trial of such strategies would also be useful

Assessment of Application Rate and Formulation of Imazaquin Herbicide on Purple Nutsedge Suppression

A field test was implemented at Paradise Valley Country Club to investigate the effect of two rates of imazaquin (Image) herbicide (0.38 and 0.50 lbs ai /a) in both the granular (G) and emulsifiable concentrate formulation on purple nutsedge and common bermudagrass in a mixed stand (85 ± 20% nutsedge)

Response of Overseeded Bermudagrass to Monsanto 15151 Herbicide

A one-time application of MON1S1S1 or 0.5 lb. ai /a on September 1, 1988, was evaluated for potential overseeding effects. Treated plots, which were overseeded with perennial ryegrass at 10, 20, or 30 lbs. per thousand square feet, were not significantly different compared to untreated plots for percent ryegrass stand and verdure. Only seed rate effects increased percent ryegrass and verdure weights slightly. These data show no detrimental effects of using MON15151 ("Dimension" trade name) six weeks before overseeding

Activity of Imazaquin for Purple Nutsedge Suppression Using Various Application Techniques

An experiment was devised to evaluate application technique, and elucidate the plant response (herbicidal activity) of imazaquin herbicide on single plants of purple nutsedge. Herbicide treated plants showed increased filleting and stunting 31 days after treatment. Soil treatments tended to increase herbicidal response. Imazaquin activity was minimized when the herbicide was not irrigated into the soil. Soil applied-imazaquin postponed the emergence of shoots from viable nutlets, but did not prevent emergence altogether

Response of Purple Nutsedge to Repeat Application of Imazaquin Herbicide During 1988

Repeat sequential applications (1 - 4) of imazaquin herbicide were applied to 100% pure stands of purple nutsedge during the summer of 198& Treatments were applied every two weeks. Maximum suppression for plots receiving only one application was reached 1 month after application (25% control). Two 14-day sequential applications achieved 60% control 2 weeks after the second treatment. Both 3 and 4 sequential applications resulted in 88% and 92% control after 2 and 4 weeks from the third and fourth applications, respectively. Resprouting eventually reoccurred on all plots. This data shows the enhanced effect of repeat applications of imazaquin for purple nutsedge suppression

Triple Procedure for Dense Cataractous Neovascular Glaucoma Patients

Purpose. One of the most difficult refractory glaucomas is the neovascular type (NVG), and its association with dense cataract adds to this difficulty. This study aimed to provide results of the triple surgical procedure for such conditions. Methods. 12 eyes of 12 patients with NVG and dense cataract were included in this case series study. The mean age of patients was 57.25 ± 5.9 years. The mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 47.25 ± 4.04 mmHg with maximum antiglaucoma therapy. The mean best corrected distant visual acuity (BCDVA) in LogMAR was 2.13 ± 0.38. All patients received intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg (0.05 ml) bevacizumab followed by phacoemulsification, pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) including panretinal photocoagulation (PRP), and trabeculectomy with mitomycin C (MMC). Mean IOP and BCDVA changes were the main outcome results of this study. Results. The follow-up period was 2 years. The mean BCDVA was improved to 1.22 ± 0.35, 1.13 ± 0.34, 1.12 ± 0.37, 1.06 ± 0.38, and 1.01 ± 0.37 at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively, after this procedure. This improvement was statistically significant when compared with preoperative BCDVA (P<0.0001). The mean postoperative IOP was dropped to 20.08 ± 4.1, 17.08 ± 2.1, 17.17 ± 5, 15.75 ± 4.7, and 16.17 ± 6.1 mmHg, respectively. At the last follow-up, the mean IOP was statistically significantly lower than preoperative IOP (P<0.0001) at the previously mentioned time points. The success rate was complete in 90.9% of eyes and qualified in 100% of eyes. Iris and angle neovascularization had regressed significantly in all patients, and no serious complications occurred during the follow-up period. Conclusions. This triple surgery can safely improve patients with NVG and dense cataract regarding BCDVA and IOP control. This trial is registered with NCT04143620