Il cammino della riforma e la necessaria rigenerazione dei partiti

La riforma Renzi-Boschi rimette in discussione alcuni punti centrali della forma di governo delineata dalla Costituzione del 1948. Invero, sembrano esservi delle buone ragioni per dubitare che i mali della nostra forma di governo si possano eliminare con una grande riforma, di ispirazione decisionista. Sarebbe auspicabile che, con uno sforzo di anticonformismo, si spostasse il centro dell'attenzione sulla riforma puntuale, minuta, dei partiti politici, per ridare vitalit\ue0 alle istituzioni nel loro quotidiano operare

Fine dell'atto politico?

La figura dell\u2019atto politico \ue8 nota e riconosciuta in vari ordinamenti contemporanei, nei quali tutti, essa tende ad assumere significati differenti. La nozione di atto politico preferibile \ue8 quella di un atto giustificato dall\u2019esigenza di salvaguardare l\u2019esistenza stessa dello Stato. Il legislatore italiano, anche in seguito all\u2019emanazione della Costituzione, \ue8 rimasto fedele all\u2019idea dell\u2019esclusione della tutela giurisdizionale nei confronti degli atti emanati dal Governo nell\u2019esercizio del potere politico. Il Consiglio di Stato, nella sua giurisprudenza, invece ha allargato il controllo sugli atti una volta ritenuti politici. Il saggio vuole dimostrare che la crisi della nozione di atto politico \ue8 causata sia da una debolezza e crisi di idee e programmi della politica sia da una tendenza oggettiva dell\u2019ordinamento giuridico italiano. La tesi finale che si avanza \ue8 che la riscoperta dell\u2019atto politico \ue8 direttamente connessa a un cambio di rotta che restituisca dignit\ue0 costituzionale alla politica.The institution of \u201catto politico\u201d is well known \u2013 with different meanings \u2013 in several contemporary juridical system. The best notion of \u201catto politico\u201d is as follows:\u201can act justified by the necessity of preserving the very existence of the State\u201d. The Italian legislator, also after the passing of the Constitution, has remained loyal to the idea of excluding the area of \u201catti politici\u201d adopted by the Government from the judicial scrutiny. The \u201cConsiglio di Stato\u201d, instead, has widened its check over the so called \u201catti politici\u201d. This essay aims at proving that the crisis of the \u201catto politico\u201d notion is due both to the present weakness and crisis of the politics itself and to a new inevitable tendency of the Italian juridical system. Its objective is to show that only a new approach which returns the politics the constitutional importance it deserves can give back the \u201catto politico\u201d its traditional dignit

Soggetti disabili e istruzione: la lotta per il diritto

Il saggio si inserisce nella discussione su diritti sociali e crisi economica e sul bilanciamento giurisprudenziale tra diritti sociali ed esigenze di bilancio. La questione dei diritti dei disabili \ue8, ovviamente, particolarmente \uabsensibile\ubb a causa delle sue ricadute etico-politiche e per le sue ripercussioni sulla cultura dei diritti fondamentali e sul principio di uguaglianza come parit\ue0 di trattamento tra i cittadini. La tesi che qui si intende sostenere \ue8 la seguente: le misure di sostegno finanziario a favore di diritti fondamentali dei disabili, specie un diritto come quello all\u2019istruzione, non possono essere condizionate dalle esigenze del bilancio statale. Particolare attenzione \ue8 stata posta alla giurisprudenza della Corte costituzionale; a quest\u2019ultimo organo pu\uf2 sicuramente essere riconosciuto come il custode pi\uf9 vigile e pi\uf9 rigoroso dei soggetti disabili, ponendosi al centro della lotta per il diritto e non tirandosi indietro neanche in questo periodo di disponibilit\ue0 limitata di risorse

The Modal Logic of Stepwise Removal

We investigate the modal logic of stepwise removal of objects, both for its intrinsic interest as a logic of quantification without replacement, and as a pilot study to better understand the complexity jumps between dynamic epistemic logics of model transformations and logics of freely chosen graph changes that get registered in a growing memory. After introducing this logic ($\textsf{MLSR}$) and its corresponding removal modality, we analyze its expressive power and prove a bisimulation characterization theorem. We then provide a complete Hilbert-style axiomatization for the logic of stepwise removal in a hybrid language enriched with nominals and public announcement operators. Next, we show that model-checking for $\textsf{MLSR}$ is PSPACE-complete, while its satisfiability problem is undecidable. Lastly, we consider an issue of fine-structure: the expressive power gained by adding the stepwise removal modality to fragments of first-order logic

Study of the effects of pasteurization and selected microbial starters on functional traits of fermented table olives

Table olives are one of the most known fruit consumed as fermented food, being a fundamental component of the Mediterranean diet. Their production and consumption continue to increase globally and represent an important economic source for the producing countries. One of the most stimulating challenges for the future is the modernization of olive fermentation process. Besides the demand for more reproducible and safer production methods that could be able to reduce product losses and potential risks, producers and consumers are increasingly attracted by the final product characteristics and properties on human health. In this study, the contribution of microbial starters to table olives was fully described in terms of specific enzymatic and microbiological profiles, nutrient components, fermentation -derived compounds, and content of bioactive compounds. The use of microbial starters from different sources was tested considering their technological features and potential ability to improve the functional traits of fermented black table olives. For each fermentation assay, the effects of controlled temperature (kept at 20 degrees C constantly) versus not controlled environmental conditions (oscillating between 7 and 17 degrees C), as well as the consequences of the pasteurization treatment were tested on the final products. Starter -driven fermentation strategies seemed to increase both total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity. Herein, among all the tested microbial starters, we provide data indicating that two bacterial strains (Leuconostoc mesenteroides KT 5-1 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BC T3-35), and two yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae 10A and Debaryomyces hansenii A15-44) were the better ones related to enzyme activities, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. We also demonstrated that the fermentation of black table olives under not controlled environmental temperature conditions was more promising than the controlled level of 20 degrees C constantly in terms of technological and functional properties considered in this study. Moreover, we confirmed that the pasteurization process had a role in enhancing the levels of antioxidant compounds

Probing the fuzzy sphere regularisation in simulations of the 3d \lambda \phi^4 model

We regularise the 3d \lambda \phi^4 model by discretising the Euclidean time and representing the spatial part on a fuzzy sphere. The latter involves a truncated expansion of the field in spherical harmonics. This yields a numerically tractable formulation, which constitutes an unconventional alternative to the lattice. In contrast to the 2d version, the radius R plays an independent r\^{o}le. We explore the phase diagram in terms of R and the cutoff, as well as the parameters m^2 and \lambda. Thus we identify the phases of disorder, uniform order and non-uniform order. We compare the result to the phase diagrams of the 3d model on a non-commutative torus, and of the 2d model on a fuzzy sphere. Our data at strong coupling reproduce accurately the behaviour of a matrix chain, which corresponds to the c=1-model in string theory. This observation enables a conjecture about the thermodynamic limit.Comment: 31 pages, 15 figure

A Randomized Ph2 Study of MEDI0680 in Combination With Durvalumab vs. Nivolumab Monotherapy in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

BACKGROUND: MEDI0680 is a humanized anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibody and durvalumab is an anti-PD-L1 antibody. Combining treatment using these antibodies may improve efficacy versus blockade of PD-1 alone. This phase 2 study evaluated antitumor activity and safety of MEDI0680 plus durvalumab versus nivolumab monotherapy in immunotherapy naïve patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma who received at least one prior line of anti-angiogenic therapy. METHODS: Patients received either MEDI0680 (20 mg/kg) with durvalumab (750 mg) or nivolumab (240 mg), all IV Q2W. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included best overall response, progression-free survival (PFS), safety, overall survival (OS), and immunogenicity. Exploratory endpoints included changes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), baseline tumor mutational burden (TMB), and tumor-infiltrated immune cell profiles. RESULTS: Sixty-three patients were randomized (combination, n = 42; nivolumab, n = 21). ORR was 16.7% (7/42; 95% CI, 7.0-31.4) with combination treatment and 23.8% (5/21; 95% CI, 8.2- 47.2) with nivolumab. Median PFS was 3.6 months in both arms; median OS was not reached in either arm. Due to AEs, 23.8% of patients discontinued MEDI0680 and durvalumab and 14.3% of patients discontinued nivolumab. In the combination arm, reduction in ctDNA fraction was associated with longer PFS. ctDNA mutational analysis did not demonstrate an association with response in either arm. Tumor-infiltrated immune profiles showed an association between immune cell activation and response in the combination arm. CONCLUSIONS: MEDI0680 combined with durvalumab was safe and tolerable; however, it did not improve efficacy versus nivolumab monotherapy

Numerical simulations of a non-commutative theory: the scalar model on the fuzzy sphere

We address a detailed non-perturbative numerical study of the scalar theory on the fuzzy sphere. We use a novel algorithm which strongly reduces the correlation problems in the matrix update process, and allows the investigation of different regimes of the model in a precise and reliable way. We study the modes associated to different momenta and the role they play in the ``striped phase'', pointing out a consistent interpretation which is corroborated by our data, and which sheds further light on the results obtained in some previous works. Next, we test a quantitative, non-trivial theoretical prediction for this model, which has been formulated in the literature: The existence of an eigenvalue sector characterised by a precise probability density, and the emergence of the phase transition associated with the opening of a gap around the origin in the eigenvalue distribution. The theoretical predictions are confirmed by our numerical results. Finally, we propose a possible method to detect numerically the non-commutative anomaly predicted in a one-loop perturbative analysis of the model, which is expected to induce a distortion of the dispersion relation on the fuzzy sphere.Comment: 1+36 pages, 18 figures; v2: 1+55 pages, 38 figures: added the study of the eigenvalue distribution, added figures, tables and references, typos corrected; v3: 1+20 pages, 10 eps figures, new results, plots and references added, technical details about the tests at small matrix size skipped, version published in JHE