557 research outputs found
Spin-Forster transfer in optically excited quantum dots
The mechanisms of energy and spin transfer in quantum dot pairs coupled via
the Coulomb interaction are studied. Exciton transfer can be resonant or
phonon-assisted. In both cases, the transfer rates strongly depend on the
resonance conditions. The spin selection rules in the transfer process come
from the exchange and spin-orbit interactions. The character of energy
dissipation in spin transfer is different than that in the traditional spin
currents. The spin-dependent photon cross-correlation functions reflect the
exciton transfer process. In addition, a mathematical method to calculate
F\"orster transfer in crystalline nanostructures beyond the dipole-dipole
approximation is described.Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures, Phys. Rev. B, in pres
Nonmonotonic energy harvesting efficiency in biased exciton chains
We theoretically study the efficiency of energy harvesting in linear exciton
chains with an energy bias, where the initial excitation is taking place at the
high-energy end of the chain and the energy is harvested (trapped) at the other
end. The efficiency is characterized by means of the average time for the
exciton to be trapped after the initial excitation. The exciton transport is
treated as the intraband energy relaxation over the states obtained by
numerically diagonalizing the Frenkel Hamiltonian that corresponds to the
biased chain. The relevant intraband scattering rates are obtained from a
linear exciton-phonon interaction. Numerical solution of the Pauli master
equation that describes the relaxation and trapping processes, reveals a
complicated interplay of factors that determine the overall harvesting
efficiency. Specifically, if the trapping step is slower than or comparable to
the intraband relaxation, this efficiency shows a nonmonotonic dependence on
the bias: it first increases when introducing a bias, reaches a maximum at an
optimal bias value, and then decreases again because of dynamic (Bloch)
localization of the exciton states. Effects of on-site (diagonal) disorder,
leading to Anderson localization, are addressed as well.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Journal of Chemical Physic
Optical properties of coupled metal-semiconductor and metal-molecule nanocrystal complexes: the role of multipole effects
We investigate theoretically the effects of interaction between an optical
dipole (semiconductor quantum dot or molecule) and metal nanoparticles. The
calculated absorption spectra of hybrid structures demonstrate strong effects
of interference coming from the exciton-plasmon coupling. In particular, the
absorption spectra acquire characteristic asymmetric lineshapes and strong
anti-resonances. We present here an exact solution of the problem beyond the
dipole approximation and find that the multipole treatment of the interaction
is crucial for the understanding of strongly-interacting exciton-plasmon
nano-systems. Interestingly, the visibility of the exciton resonance becomes
greatly enhanced for small inter-particle distances due to the interference
phenomenon, multipole effects, and electromagnetic enhancement. We find that
the destructive interference is particularly strong. Using our exact theory, we
show that the interference effects can be observed experimentally even in the
exciting systems at room temperature.Comment: 9 page
Exactly soluble model of resonant energy transfer between molecules
F\"orster's theory of resonant energy transfer (FRET) predicts the strength
and range of exciton transport between separated molecules. We introduce an
exactly soluble model for FRET which reproduces F\"orster's results as well as
incorporating quantum coherence effects. As an application the model is used to
analyze a system composed of quantum dots and the protein bacteriorhodopsin.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Theory of Electric Field-Induced Photoluminescence Quenching in Disordered Molecular Solids
The dynamics of excitons in disordered molecular solids is studied
theoretically, taking into account migration between different sites,
recombination, and dissociation into free charge carriers in the presence of an
electric field. The theory is applied to interpret the results of electric
field-induced photoluminescence (PL) quenching experiments on molecularly doped
polymers by Deussen et al. [Chem. Phys. 207, 147 (1996)]. Using an
intermolecular dissociation mechanism, the dependence of the PL quenching on
the electric field strength and the dopant concentration, and the time
evolution of the transient PL quenching can be well described. The results
constitute additional proof of the distinct exciton dissociation mechanisms in
conjugated polymer blends and molecularly doped polymers.Comment: 4 pages RevTeX, 3 Postscript figure
Theory of plasmon-enhanced Foerster energy transfer in optically-excited semiconductor and metal nanoparticles
We describe the process of Foerster transfer between semiconductor
nanoparticles in the presence of a metal subsystem (metal nanocrystals). In the
presence of metal nanocrystals, the Foerster process can become faster and more
long-range. The enhancement of Foerster transfer occurs due to the effect of
plasmon-assisted amplification of electric fields inside the nanoscale
assembly. Simultaneously, metal nanocrystals lead to an increase of energy
losses during the Foerster transfer process. We derive convenient equations for
the energy transfer rates, photoluminescence intensities, and energy
dissipation rates in the please of plasmon resonances. Because of strong
dissipation due to the metal, an experimental observation of plasmon-enhanced
Foerster transfer requires special conditions. As possible experimental
methods, we consider cw- and time-resolved photoluminescence studies and
describe the conditions to observe plasmon-enhanced transfer. In particular, we
show that the photoluminescence spectra should be carefully analyzed since the
plasmon-enhanced Foerster effect can appear together with strong exciton energy
dissipation. Our results can be applied to a variety of experimental nanoscale
systems.Comment: 60 page
Recent astrophysical and accelerator based results on the Hadronic Equation of State
In astrophysics as well as in hadron physics progress has recently been made
on the determination of the hadronic equation of state (EOS) of compressed
matter. The results are contradictory, however. Simulations of heavy ion
reactions are now sufficiently robust to predict the stiffness of the (EOS)
from (i) the energy dependence of the ratio of from Au+Au and C+C
collisions and (ii) the centrality dependence of the multiplicities. The
data are best described with a compressibility coefficient at normal nuclear
matter density around 200 MeV, a value which is usually called
``soft'' The recent observation of a neutron star with a mass of twice the
solar mass is only compatible with theoretical predictions if the EOS is stiff.
We review the present situation.Comment: invited talk Strange Quark Matter Conference SQM06 in Los Angele
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