A Qualitative Review on the Implementation Challenges of National Policy on Education in Nigeria

Education policy in Nigeria have undergone significant changes for a long time geared towards the effective administration, management and implementation of education at all tiers of government. In fact, it continues to be the central point of discourse owing to the role it has in the measurement of whether a country is developed or not. The objective of this paper is to identify the implementation challenges of National Policy on Education and proffer suggestions on the way out for the effective implementation of the policy. This paper adopts a qualitative method of data analysis, which was thematically done relying on secondary sources. The paper identifies corruption, lack of continuity in government policies by successive administration, inadequate human and material resources and others as the major implementation challenges of the policy. The paper suggests that there is need for the mobilizations of grassroots by the civil societies and all stake holders to support and enforce the implementation of the constitutional provision for education and tie it to their vote, there is also a need to enforce compliance of all sector of education from early childhood care to the development of special needs school and also ensure that there is continuous monitoring and evaluation of the policy so as to fill in the gaps that may occur during the process of implementation, among others as the way out for in dealing with the implementation challenges of National Policy on Education in Nigeri

THE NATURE OF E-GOVERNANCE IN PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY IN NIGERIA: A THEORETICAL EXPLORATION

The world has become a global village where every nation including Nigeria is striving to attain a high level of electronic governance implementation because of its capacity to bring about appreciable public service delivery. However, there has been so much confusion on the clarifications on what electronic governance is and public service delivery is about, let alone their nature in the public sector. It is to th is end that th is paper examines the nature of electronic governance in public service delivery in Nigeria. Data fo r this paper are obtained from literature review of the subject matter from texts, journal articles and the internet. While the analysis is done in themes. This paper finds out that the adoption and implementation rate of electronic governance in the public organisations are abysmal and thereby affecting the desired public service delivery. Based on these findings , this paper recommends among others that the public sector in Nigeria should endeavour to keep abreast of and embrace innovations which would aid in the speedy adoption and implementation of electronic governance that wi ll enhance public service delivery in Nigeri

ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING CHANGE MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC ORGANISATIONS IN NIGERIA

The hallmark of every working organisation the world over, has been the change in how employees are being managed and how services are being delivered to the public since all managers are interested in improving upon the successes of yesterday as well as meeting up with the everyday changing environment. However, with in the context of public organisations in Nigeria, change management has been challenged by a number of factors internally and externally that have come to make such processes difficult if not impossible. This paper analyses the reasons for the difficulties experienced by employees of public organisations in Nigeria with regards to the change process and also proffers strategies on how to overcome the challenges associated with change management in order to achieve employees' commitment and loyalty while improving the way and manner which services are being delivered to the people

LEADERSHIP VS MANAGEMENT: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Past literature reviewed on leadership shows that there is a long-standing debate on whether there is or no difference between leadership and management to the extent that there are two schools of thoughts, which is leadership is different from management, while the other school of thoug ht believes that there is no difference between both concepts. With this in mind , the purpose of this research is to do a comparative analysis between both concepts. This is a conceptual paper that can be classified as a qual itative comparative research, which relies on secondary sources from texts, journal articles and the internet. The paper aims at shedding light on why and how leadership is different from management. The findings of this paper reveal that there is a clear difference between leadership from management

PERISCOPING THE IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES OF NATIONAL POLICY ON EDUCATION IN NIGERIA

This paper sought to identify the implementation challenges of National Policy on Education in Nigeria. Jt argues that there are numerous · challenges impeding the effective implementation of the policy. This paper relies on secondary sources of data and the analysis was done thematically. The significance of this paper rest in the fact that it provides an insight for both policy makers and implementers on the necessary challenges that need to be addressed for the effective implementation of the policy. The paper concludes that it is imperative for policymakers to pay attention to evaluating the education policy, by so doing they will be able to aware of the extent to which they have successfully implemented the policy in line with their pre-determined objectives

Design and construction of a Cherenkov imager for charge measurement of nuclear cosmic rays

A proximity focusing Cherenkov imager called CHERCAM, has been built for the charge measurement of nuclear cosmic rays with the CREAM instrument. It consists of a silica aerogel radiator plane across from a detector plane equipped with 1,600 1" diameter photomultipliers. The two planes are separated by a ring expansion gap. The Cherenkov light yield is proportional to the charge squared of the incident particle. The expected relative light collection accuracy is in the few percents range. It leads to an expected single element separation over the range of nuclear charge Z of main interest 1 < Z < 26. CHERCAM is designed to fly with the CREAM balloon experiment. The design of the instrument and the implemented technical solutions allowing its safe operation in high altitude conditions (radiations, low pressure, cold) are presented.Comment: 24 pages, 19 figure

Analysis of Signaling Mechanisms Regulating Microglial Process Movement

Microglia, the brain’s innate immune cells, are extremely motile cells, continuously surveying the CNS to serve homeostatic functions and to respond to pathological events. In the healthy brain, microglia exhibit a small cell body with long, branched and highly motile processes, which constantly extend and retract, effectively ‘patrolling’ the brain parenchyma. Over the last decade, methodological advances in microscopy and the availability of genetically encoded reporter mice have allowed us to probe microglial physiology in situ. Beyond their classical immunological roles, unexpected functions of microglia have been revealed, both in the developing and the adult brain: microglia regulate the generation of newborn neurons, control the formation and elimination of synapses, and modulate neuronal activity. Many of these newly ascribed functions depend directly on microglial process movement. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms underlying microglial motility is of great importance to understand their role in brain physiology and pathophysiology. Two-photon imaging of fluorescently labelled microglia, either in vivo or ex vivo in acute brain slices, has emerged as an indispensable tool for investigating microglial movements and their functional consequences. This chapter aims to provide a detailed description of the experimental data acquisition and analysis needed to address these questions, with a special focus on key dynamic and morphological metrics such as surveillance, directed motility and ramification

MHC-class-II are expressed in a subpopulation of human neural stem cells in vitro in an IFN gamma-independent fashion and during development

This work was supported by grants from Great Ormond Street Hospital Children’s Charity, Newlife Foundation, the Antony Nolan Trust, a studentship to CAG from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) and Instituto Jaliscience de la Juventud (IJJ), Mexico and GOSH NIHR Biomedical Research Centre. The human embryonic and fetal material was provided by the Human Developmental Biology Resource (http://hdbr.org) jointly funded by the Medical Research Council (grant G070089) and The Wellcome Trust (grant GR082557)

First report of Theileria annulata in Nigeria : findings from cattle ticks in Zamfara and Sokoto States

Background: Ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) represent a significant economic burden to cattle farming in sub-Saharan Africa including Nigeria. However, in the northern part of this country, where the largest livestock population resides, little is known about the contemporary diversity of ticks and TBPs. This area is particularly vulnerable to climate change, undergoing marked transformation of habitat and associated flora and fauna that is also likely to include ticks. This study aimed to document the occurrence of tick species and Apicomplexan TBPs in cattle from north-western Nigeria. Methods: In 2017, ticks were collected from cattle in Zamfara and Sokoto States and identified morphologically. Additionally, a subset of ticks was screened molecularly for the detection of apicomplexan DNA. Results: A total of 494 adult ticks were collected from 80 cattle in Zamfara and 65 cattle in Sokoto State. Nine tick species were encountered, among which the presence of one, Hyalomma turanicum, had not previously been recorded in Nigeria. Hyalomma rufipes was the most prevalent tick infesting cattle in Zamfara State (76%), while Hyalomma dromedarii was the most prevalent in Sokoto State (44%), confirming the widespread transfer of this species from camels onto livestock and its adaptation to cattle in the region. Of 159 ticks screened, 2 out of 54 (3.7%) from Zamfara State and 29 out of 105 (27.6%) from Sokoto State harboured DNA of Theileria annulata, the agent of tropical theileriosis. Conclusions: This study confirms the presence of a broad diversity of tick species in cattle from north-western Nigeria, providing the first locality records for Zamfara State. The occurrence of H. turanicum indicates a distribution of this tick beyond northern Africa. This study provides the first report for T. annulata in Nigerian ticks. Given its enormous burden on livestock farming in north Africa and across Asia, further investigations are needed to better understand its epidemiology, vector transmission and potential clinical significance in cattle from northern Nigeria and neighbouring Sahelian countries