Antidumping enforcement in the European Community

In the European Community (EC), as in the United States,"injury"is what antidumping is all about. Antidumping laws are a flexible tool for preventing imports from displacing domestic production in politically influential industries. The vehicle for achieving that goal in the EC, however, is not protectionist rules, as in the United States, but protectionist discretion. The empirical results of this study have implications for EC trade policy after 1992. If protectionist interests demand compensation for the abolition of national protectionist barriers after 1992, EC antidumping measures offer them considerable scope for achieving their goals since measures are largely determined by political discretion. Antidumping measures could therefore become a pinnacle of"Fortress Europe". The results also suggest certain strategic considerations for the trade policy of developing countries. The authors argue that antidumping measures affecting developing countries are concentrated in industries with shifting comparative advantage, such as steel products, basic chemicals, and synthetic fibers. And such protection is more likely in sectors with strong, politically influential interest groups.TF054105-DONOR FUNDEDOPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Trade Policy,Access to Markets

Household Portfolios in Germany

This paper describes portfolio choices of German households in the 1980's and 1990's. We present stylized facts and analyze recent trends of asset ownership rates and asset shares on the basis of national accounts and survey data. We correlate socio-demographic household characteristics with asset shares and ownership, and analyze how German households have adjusted their asset portfolios in response to the policy changes during this time. A particular focus is on the effects of German reunification and the portfolio adjustments of East German households during the transition process.

A scalability analysis of grid allocation mechanisms

This article examines the broker's behavior with regard to a varying number of participating nodes and shows that incremental losses have to be accepted in central resource allocation when introducing new nodes. --Grid Computing

Turnaround Church Ministry: Causes of Decline and Changes Needed for Turnaround

“If you always do what you always did, you will always get what you always got.” This familiar saying is the crux of this paper. With 85% of the churches in North America in plateau or decline, change is desperately needed. Change is the name-of-the-game in turnaround church ministry. This paper examines the following three crucial questions in turnaround ministry: (1) what are the primary causes of decline in North American churches, (2) what are the changes needed to effectively turn around plateaued or declining churches, and (3) what is the relationship between the changes implemented for turnaround and the causes of decline. Nine turnaround principles are offered for turnaround pastors and churches

Socio-Economic Mechanisms to Coordinate the Internet of Services: The Simulation Environment SimIS

Visions of 21st century information systems show highly specialized digital services and resources, which interact continuously and with a global reach. Especially with the emergence of technologies, such as the semantic web or software agents, intelligent services within these settings can be implemented, automatically communicating and negotiating over the Internet about digital resources without human intervention. Such environments will eventually realize the vision of an open and global Internet of Services (IoS). In this paper we present an agent-based simulation model and toolkit for the IoS: 'SimIS - Simulating an Internet of Services'. Employing SimIS, distributed management mechanisms and protocols can be investigated in a simulated IoS environment before their actual deployment.Multi-Agent Simulation, Internet, Simulation Tools

Faunal Studies of the Lower Jefferson Limestones

The exact geologic age of the Jefferson limestone in Montana has not been definitely determined, other than it is probably of upper, but possibly in part of middle Devonian age. Although not of immediate or apparent economic importance, the determination of the exact age of the Jefferson limestone may be of much value in connection with the discoveries of large quantities of oil in Devonian strata in the northern Great Plains and, in particular, with the extensive deep drilling in northeastern Montana which is anticipated during the summer of 1951

A Comparison Of Two Approaches To Training For Mothers Of Kindergarten Children Evaluated As Deficient In Readiness Skills.

PURPOSE: It was the purpose of this study to compare the academic gains of kindergarten children showing six to eighteen months\u27 deficiency in readiness skills as measured by the ABC Inventory in September, 1973. This comparison was based on parent education experiences and a structured mother-child games technique durinq the early months of the subjects\u27 kindergarten school year

Analysis of simulation environment

In this paper the requirements for an ALN simulation environment are analysed, as needed in the CATNETS Project. A number of grid and general purpose simulators are evaluated regarding the identified requirements for simulating economical resource allocation mechanisms in ALNs. Subsequently a suitable simulator is chosen for usage in the CATNETS project. --CATNETS simulator,requirements analysis,simulator selection

Zur Simulated Maximum-Likelihood-Schätzung von Mehrperioden-Mehralternativen-Probitmodellen

Die Simulated Maximum-Likelihood-Methode erlaubt die Schätzung von multinomialen Probitmodellen für Querschnitts- oder Paneldaten bei einer größeren Zahl von Entscheidungsalternativen. Im Rahmen von Monte-Carlo-Studien wird hier gezeigt, daß die Simulated Maximum-Likelihood-Methode bei Anwendung des Geweke-Hajivassiliou-Keane-Simulators auch für eine relativ geringe Anzahl an Zufallsziehungen zu exakten Schätzern der Koeffizienten der erklärenden Variablen im Mehrperioden-Mehralternativen-Probitmodell führt. Die Präzision der Schätzung der Varianz-Kovarianz-Parameter scheint dagegen sensitiv bezüglich der Größe der individuellen Auswahlwahrscheinlichkeiten, d.h. bezüglich der Anzahl der Entscheidungsalternativen und der Panelwellen zu sein. In einem einperiodigen Mehralternativen-Probitmodell lassen sich die Varianz-Kovarianz-Parameter relativ exakt bestimmen. Die Schätzgenauigkeit der Varianz- Kovarianz-Parameter im Mehrperioden-Mehralternativen-Probitmodell scheint dagegen mit zunehmender Anzahl der Perioden und Alternativen zu sinken