Green exports and the global product space: Prospects for EU industrial policy

We test if and where industrial policy to promote â??greenâ?? industry development can improve competitiveness in export markets. Proponents of â??green growthâ?? have argued that domestic promotion of â??greenâ?? energy will generate improved comparative advantage in export markets for high-technology goods such as wind turbines or solar cells. If this holds depends on if domestic market expansion can, on its own, support firm competitiveness abroad. We find evidence that industrial policy may work for wind turbines, but we find no evidence that it works for solar cells. Furthermore, domestic renewable energy promotion is more likely to translate into improved international competitiveness if a country already possesses skills, technologies, and industrial sectors closely related to the sector in question. By locating the wind turbine and solar cell sectors in the global product space of traded goods, we are able to show that, net of historical competitiveness and domestic market size, green industrial policy functions best when capitalising on pre-existing industrial capacities, rather than trying to create them. Finally, our finding that policy appears to work for wind turbines but not solar cells may reflect the greater tradeability of solar cells, which may mean that expansion of domestic demand leads to more imports rather than expanded domestic production. While this paper suggests conditions under which green industrial policy might prove effective in economic development, it makes no claims about whether this represents an efficient approach to either growth or emissions reduction. This evidence recommends caution in using economic growth and competitiveness arguments as the primary justification for investments in renewable energy.

Agricultural Exports by Cooperatives, 1980

Sixty-three agricultural cooperatives had direct exports of $3.2 billion in calendar year 1980. Grains and preparations had the largest dollar volume of direct exports, followed by oilseeds, cotton, and fruits. Cooperative share of U.S. agricultural exports decreased from 9.2 percent in 1976 to 7.8 percent in 1980. Asian and European countries were the largest markets for direct exports by cooperatives in 1980.Agricultural exports, cooperative exports, cooperative export marketing, direct commodities exports, indirect commodities exports, International Relations/Trade,

Expanding Exports: Can Tennessee Double Its Exports?

In this year's State of the Union Address, President Obama announced a National Export Initiative to double American exports over the next five years. He claimed that this could add two million jobs to the American economy. Could Tennessee actually double its exports over this period? And what would be the impact if it did?Tennessee, exports, trade, imports, exporting, global commerce, international

NAFTA and the changing pattern of state exports

The trade liberalization associated with NAFTA has affected the pattern of state exports by altering the origin as well as the destination of merchandise exports. We find that NAFTA has increased US merchandise exports to Mexico and Canada by just over 15 percent, and has increased total US merchandise exports by nearly 8 percent. We also find that although many states have seen large increases in exports to both Mexico and Canada, others have seen large decreases. NAFTA has also affected states’ exports to non-NAFTA regions of the world, tending to decrease exports to Europe and Latin America and increase exports to Asia. States in the northeast regions of the United States have seen the smallest increases in exports in the wake of NAFTA.North American Free Trade Agreement ; International trade

The Role of NAFTA and Returns to Scale in Export Duration

While exports within NAFTA face a lower hazard of ceasing, its onset has increased the hazard for Mexican and U.S. intra NAFTA exports. Intra NAFTA exports still enjoy a lower hazard relative to exports to non–members. While NAFTA did affect the hazard for Canada’s exports in the short run, its effect on Mexican and U.S. exports is persistent. Exports of IRS manufacturing products face the highest hazard in the case of Canada and Mexico, while IRS natural resource products have the highest hazard for Mexico. The effect of NAFTA on the returns to scale product types is exporter specific.

EVALUATING THE IMPACTS OF AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS ON A REGIONAL ECONOMY

Agricultural exports are important to many regional economies, as is the case for agricultural exports wither produced in or shipped through Louisiana. A hybrid (revised and verified) IMPLAN model of the Louisiana economy is used to estimate the direct and indirect impact of agricultural exports. Original model estimates of foreign exports lacked holistic (overall) accuracy. However, other, more general uses of the model were unaffected by this lack of accuracy. While the contributions of agricultural exports to the state economy were substantial, impacts were concentrated in unprocessed products. Increasing the export of processed agricultural products should enhance economic activity.Agricultural exports, Holistic accuracy, IMPLAN, Input-output models, Processed exports, Community/Rural/Urban Development, International Relations/Trade,

Transition to an open economy : an analysis of Vietnam's export performance 1986 - 2000 : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Studies in Economics at Massey University

Page 108 not in originalExternal reform is a large component of Vietnam's overall transition to a market-based economy which officially started in 1986. This study analytically and empirically examines Vietnam's export performance from 1986 to 2000. The spectacular growth in both exports and imports and significant changes in Vietnam's export composition and market structure since 1986 are delineated. Exports, as a demand source, are found to contribute an increasing part of the overall output growth. Vietnam's changing Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) indicates a move toward manufactured exports. Increased diversification is apparent within Vietnam's export destinations, but less diversification is evident in its export composition. A Constant-Market-Share (CMS) analysis of the sources of non-oil export growth over the period 1985-1999 shows that Vietnam's exports concentrated on commodities with import demands growing more slowly than the average of all commodities. From 1985 to 1995, Vietnam's exports benefited from increasing penetration into relatively fast growing Asian markets, but the Asian crisis of 1999 effectively derailed Vietnam's export expansion. Inability to adapt export composition and market structure to changes in world conditions affected Vietnam's increasing share in world exports. Vietnam's increased competitiveness, as reflected in the micro-share effects, is found to be the key to observed export growth, representing 118 percent of the total gain in market share from 1985 to 1999. The study further tested observed composition of manufactured exports to three selected groups of Vietnam's trading partners - the world, the OECD and the Asian developing countries - in the light of the Ricardian and the Heckscher-Ohlin theories. Empirical results provide no evidence that manufactured exports to any of these three groups of trading partners is positively correlated with labour productivity. The Heckscher-Ohlin contention that Vietnam should export relatively labour-intensive goods is supported by the pattern of Vietnam's manufactured exports to the OECD and the world, but not confirmed by its pattern of manufactured exports to the Asian developing countries

The Collapse Speed of China's Exports in the 2008-2009 Financial Crisis

This paper studies the performance of China’s exports during the 2008—2009 financial crisis. It focuses on the speed at which China’s exports were hit by this downturn. Product-country monthly exports data is utilized. It is found that GDP growth rates of importing countries play an important role in explaining how fast exports fall below the values of the same months in the previous year. Exports of capital and intermediate goods show the signs of collapse later than consumption goods; exports of differentiated goods contract sooner than homogeneous ones. Last, products with high shares of processing trade prior to the crisis are hit by the recession earlier than other products.China, exports collapse, speed, duration analysis

On Export-Led Growth: Is Manufacturing Exports a New Engine of Growth for Bangladesh?

The study attempts to empirically verify the export-led growth hypothesis for Bangladesh. In this context, we examine whether manufacturing exports has become a new engine of export-led growth replacing total exports, as claimed by the so-called de novo hypothesis. The empirical analysis, based on the vector error correction modelling (VECM), suggests that both total exports and manufacturing exports have both long run and contemporaneous effects on the growth of GDP as well as manufacturing output. According to the non-nested tests, total exports emerges as the engine of export-led growth (i.e., GDP). For manufacturing output, however, both total exports and manufacturing exports emerge as engines of growth. Therefore, manufacturing exports is not the sole determinant of the export-led growth for Bangladesh.

The Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Japanese Consumption Exports

This paper investigates how exchange rates affect Japanese exports. This is difficult because many of Japan’s exports are used to produce goods for re-export. An appreciation in the importing country that decreases exports can decrease its imported inputs from Japan. To correct for this bias the authors examine consumption exports. Using a panel dataset of Japan’s consumption exports to 17 countries over the 1988–2009 period, they found that a 10% appreciation of the yen would reduce Japan’s consumption goods exports by 9%. These results indicate that the large swings in the value of the yen over the last decade have caused large swings in the volume of Japanese exports.exchange rate elasticities; japanese consumption exports