IMPACT OF NATURAL FERTILIZATION USING PRP FIX ON SOME SOIL FERTILITY INDICATORS

The field experiment was carried out at The Experimental Station of Plant Varieties Protection in Szczecin Dąbie. The experiment aimed at evaluating the influence of slurry with and without increasing doses of PRP FIX preparation on some soil fertility indicators after test plants harvest. Contents of determined macronutrients in the soil were higher in objects where slurry was applied with addition of 8 kg or 12 kg of PRP FIX per 1 m3 as compared to those with exclusively mineral fertilization or slurry. The soil after test plants harvest contained more N, Corg., P, K, Mg, Ca, S, and available forms of P, K, Mg and SO3 in relation to levels before experiment establishment. In general, more soil fertility indicators were recorded in objects treated with the slurry along with PRP FIX preparation and additional PK nutrition (series II) as compared to series I. Differences in macronutrients in the soil due to the fertilization system applied were diverse, however they not always were significant

THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILISATION OF LIQUID MANURE AND THE PRP FIX PREPARATION ON THE YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WINTER RAPE SEEDS AND SPRING WHEAT GRAIN

In 2011–2013, a field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of Cultivar Evaluation in Szczecin-Dąbie. The experiment aimed at determining the effect of slurry without and with addition of increasing PRP Fix preparation doses on the crop yields and some of their qualitative traits. The soil where the experiment was set up was slightly acidic (pHKCL 5.95); nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents were 0.86, 1.55 and 2.70 g·kg-1 d.m., respectively. The total content of macro-elements for this type of soil was average. The content of bioavailable forms of phosphorus, magnesium and sulphur was average, while that of potassium was high. The content of organic carbon in soil was low, while the C:N ratio was 10.2:1 and was average for that type of soils. The obtained results show that the applied fertilisation with slurry combined with PRP Fix preparation and PK fertilisation increased the yield of winter rape seeds and spring wheat grain and the content of macro-elements being examined in them. The yields of the test plants were larger in the fertilisation objects where fertilisation with slurry with addition of 8 kg PRP Fix preparation per 1 m3 slurry was applied, when compared to those where only mineral fertilisation or slurry was used. Winter rape seeds and spring wheat grain usually contained more nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sulphur in the fertilisation objects being fertilised with slurry with PRP Fix preparation in the amount of 8 or 12 kg per 1 m3 slurry with additional PK fertilisation (experimental series II) compared to experimental series I without additional PK fertilisation. Differences in the content of macro-elements in test plants after application of the fertilisation scheme being used varied. These differences were not always significant

Effect of Fertilization with Sludge-Ash Granulates on the Activity of Selected Soil Enzymes

In the two-factorial vegetation experiment, the activity of dehydrogenase, phosphatase and urease was examined under the influence of the applied sludge-ash granulates produced from waste (sewage sludge, ash, sawdust). The research scheme included a control object, four types of fertilizer granulates, three doses and four dates of enzymatic activity indicators determination. The experiment was established in four replications. The size of granulate doses was determined on the basis of their nitrogen content. Dose I, II and III were: 0.24 g, 0.48 g and 0.72 g N•pot, respectively. The test plant was rapeseed of Larissa cultivar. The sludge-ash granulates were applied to the pots filled with the soil, in accordance with the experimental scheme. The soil samples for chemical analyses were taken from the top layer (0–20 cm) of spring rape cultivation four times: May 16, June 2, July 2 – dates from I to III, respectively, and August 2 after harvest – date IV. In average soil samples, the enzymatic activity of dehydrogenase, urease and phosphatase was determined. The research revealed that the highest increase in enzymatic dehydrogenase activity was obtained after applying granulate B, while phosphatases and urease after the application of granulate D. The smallest increase in dehydrogenase and phosphatase activity was obtained after the application of granulate C. The dose size of the applied granulates and date of uptake had a significant impact on the growth activity of the enzymes studied. The activity of dehydrogenase, phosphatases and urease, depending on the type of applied granulate, dose and date of soil sampling, was on average 7.28%, 30.5% and 7.94% higher, respectively, compared to the control. The correlation coefficient between dehydrogenase activity and urease and phosphatase was positively associated and amounted to r = 0.569 and r = 0.553, respectively. The applied fertilization with sludge-ash granulates A, B, C and D stimulated the increase in dehydrogenase, urease, and phosphatase activities in all fertilizer objects

Effect of Guano Fertilisation on Yield and Some Quality Traits of Perennial Ryegrass Biomass

Due to the lack of conclusive articles on the effect of guano, which is classified as a natural fertiliser, an experiment was conducted to evaluate its effect on the yield and quality of perennial ryegrass of the Rela variety. The guano used in the experiment contained significant concentrations in g·kg-1 DM of nitrogen (23.1), phosphorus (9.52) and magnesium (2.90). The concentration of heavy metals did not exceed the applicable standards in organic fertilisers. The total content of N and P in guano was higher relative to K, and Mg and Ca were similar. The concentration of N and Mg in guano is comparable to the content of these elements in poultry manure. The guano reaction was slightly acidic (5.86). The fertiliser value of guano was assessed in a vegetation-weed two-factor experiment. The test scheme included control, guano and guano with ammonium nitrate applied at three doses. The dry biomass yield of perennial ryegrass from individual cuts varied considerably. The objects with applied guano and guano with ammonium nitrate increased the average yield of perennial ryegrass from cut 1 by 102.9% compared to the control object. Applied guano fertilisation significantly increased the sum of perennial ryegrass yield from three cuts. As a result of the applied fertilisation, there was an increase in N, P and Ca content in perennial ryegrass, while K and Mg content increased to a negligible extent and thus contributed to optimal ionic ratios of Ca:P and K:(Ca+Mg). In contrast, the ionic ratio K:Mg deviated significantly from the optimal values for plants. The application of guano and guano with ammonium nitrate influenced the positive correlation between N and Ca content and the obtained yield of perennial ryegrass

Effect of Fertilizer Granulates on Ionic and Weight Relations Among Macronutrients in Spring Rape Seeds

The experiment consisted in testing four fertilizer granulates produced from waste in the vegetation experiment. The waste used to produce granulates was: ash from lignite due to its deacidifying properties, industrial sewage sludge and sawdust due to considerable abundance of nutrients for plants. Recipe for the chemical composition of granulates was made on the basis of chemical properties of the waste. Fertilizer granulates were characterized by fairly high content of calcium and organic carbon, and less of sulfur, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium. Contents of heavy metals did not exceed the permissible standards. The test plant was rapeseed of Larissa cultivar. The content of macronutrients was determined in rape seeds. Following ionic relations K:Mg, K:Ca, K:(Ca+Mg), Ca:Mg and weight proportions Ca:P and N:S, were calculated. The research indicated that the applied single doses of fertilizer granulates A, B, C and D significantly expanded the Ca:Mg ion relations, but did not affect the increase in K:Ca, K:(Ca+Mg), N:S and Ca:P in rape seeds compared to the control. Double doses of granulates compared to the single ones resulted in a significant narrowing of the ionic ratio K:Ca and significant extension of Ca:Mg and N:S in seeds of the test plant. Triple doses of fertilizer granulates significantly reduced the ionic relations K:Ca, K:(Ca+Mg) and N:S, but did not cause changes in the Ca:Mg and Ca:P ratio in rape seeds. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of 4 granulates produced from waste on the formation of the most important ionic ratios and weight proportion of elements in the yields of spring rape seeds

The Effect of Mineral and Organic Fertilization on Some Soil Chemical Properties after Perennial Ryegrass Cultivation

The three-factorial vegetative-pot experiment was carried out in 2007-2008. The first factor consisted of series with and without compost of municipal sewage sludge and the second factor was doses of multi-component mineral fertilizers. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) of Stadion cv. was the test plant. The purpose of the work was to determine the effect of mineral multi-component fertilizers with combined organic fertilization on the content total and forms assimilable of macroelements in soil. Single doses of mineral fertilizers and urea increased the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil compared to the control. Doubling the doses of fertilizers and urea increased the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil as compared to single doses. Types of multicomponent mineral fertilizers with the addition of urea did not have a major impact on the diversity of studied elements content in the soil. After two years of experiment, the soil to which compost was introduced in spring contained more nitrogen and phosphorus compared to the control object by 21% and 8.96% respectively Potassium content in the soil was the same as in the control object. Doubling the doses of mineral fertilizers and urea with the participation of compost resulted in an increase in the content of available forms of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulfate in the soil by 2.52%, 9.12%, 2.25% and 0.80%, respectively, in comparison with single doses. The content of available forms of phosphorus and potassium in the soil after the end of the experiment was greater than the available forms of magnesium and sulfur

THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILISATION OF LIQUID MANURE AND THE PRP FIX PREPARATION ON THE YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WINTER RAPE SEEDS AND SPRING WHEAT GRAIN

In 2011–2013, a field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of Cultivar Evaluation in Szczecin-Dąbie. The experiment aimed at determining the effect of slurry without and with addition of increasing PRP Fix preparation doses on the crop yields and some of their qualitative traits. The soil where the experiment was set up was slightly acidic (pHKCL 5.95); nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents were 0.86, 1.55 and 2.70 g·kg-1 d.m., respectively. The total content of macro-elements for this type of soil was average. The content of bioavailable forms of phosphorus, magnesium and sulphur was average, while that of potassium was high. The content of organic carbon in soil was low, while the C:N ratio was 10.2:1 and was average for that type of soils. The obtained results show that the applied fertilisation with slurry combined with PRP Fix preparation and PK fertilisation increased the yield of winter rape seeds and spring wheat grain and the content of macro-elements being examined in them. The yields of the test plants were larger in the fertilisation objects where fertilisation with slurry with addition of 8 kg PRP Fix preparation per 1 m3 slurry was applied, when compared to those where only mineral fertilisation or slurry was used. Winter rape seeds and spring wheat grain usually contained more nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sulphur in the fertilisation objects being fertilised with slurry with PRP Fix preparation in the amount of 8 or 12 kg per 1 m3 slurry with additional PK fertilisation (experimental series II) compared to experimental series I without additional PK fertilisation. Differences in the content of macro-elements in test plants after application of the fertilisation scheme being used varied. These differences were not always significant

The effect of ash and compost on the content and bioaccumulation of selected heavy metals

Therefore the carried out study aimed at determination of the effect of high-calcium brown coal ash and compost being produced from municipal sewage sludge on the content and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in potato tubers, wheat grains and rapeseeds during a three-year period. Rapeseeds contained most Cd whereas wheat rains less. Potato tubers, wheat grains and rapeseeds contained more Mn, Ni and Zn in the fertilization objects with municipal sewage sludge with or without coal ash and compared to those where calcium carbonate or coal ash had been introduced into the soil at a dose corresponding to 1.5 Mg CaO · ha–1 at the beginning of this study. Differences in the Mn, Ni and Zn contents in test plants between the fertilization objects with sewage sludge of with and without addition of ash were not significant

THE EFFECT OF ANTITRANSPIRANT ON THE CONTENT OF MICROELEMENTS AND TRACE ELEMENTS IN SWEET CHERRY LEAVES AND FRUITS

The conducted study was aimed at evaluation of the effect of antitranspirant produced with natural resins under the trade name Vapor Gard on the content of microelements and trace elements in sweet cherry leaves and fruits. A single-factor experiment was conducted in the randomised block design, with five replications, in 2010–2011. Examinations were performed on 13-year-old sweet cherry trees of the cultivar ‘Burlat’, being grafted on the ‘PHL-A’ rootstock. Tree spraying with antitranspirant Vapor Gard, at a 0.75% concentration, was applied at the stage of fruit colouration. The total content of manganese, zinc, copper, nickel, lead and cadmium in the leaves and fruits was determined by the AAS method. Antitranspirant Vapor Gard had an effect on increasing significantly the manganese, copper, zinc, nickel and cadmium quantities and decreasing the content of lead in the sweet cherry leaves. The antitranspirant being applied did not have any effect on the quantity of microelements and trace elements in the sweet cherry fruits of the cultivar ‘Burlat’