Specific features of designing a database for neuro-oncological 3D MRI images to be used in training artificial intelligence

The research was aimed at analyzing current approaches to the organization and design methodology of visualization database built on the basis of computer vision. Such approaches are necessary for effective development of diagnostic systems using artificial intelligence (AI). A training data set of high quality is a mandatory prerequisite for that. Material and methods. The paper presents the technology for designing an annotated database (SBT Dataset) that contains about 1000 clinical cases based on the archived data acquired by the Federal Neurosurgical Center, Novosibirsk, Russia including data on patients with astrocytoma, glioblastoma, meningioma, neurinoma, and patients with metastases of somatic tumors. Each case is represented by a preoperative MRI. The Results and Discussion. The dataset was built (SBT Dataset) containing segmented 3D MRI images of 5 types of brain tumors with 991 verified observations. Each case is represented by four MRI sequences T1-WI, T1C (with Gd-contrast), T2-WI and T2-FLAIR with histological and histochemical postoperative confirmation. Tumors segmentation with verification of the tumor core elements boundaries and perifocal edema was approved by two certified experienced neuroradiologists. Conclusion. The database built during the research is comparable in its volume and quality (verification level) with the state-of-the-art databases. The methodological approaches proposed in this paper were focused on designing the high-quality medical computer vision systems. The database was used to create artificial intelligence systems with the “physician assistant” functions for preoperative MRI diagnostics in neurosurgery

Constituição epidêmica: velho e novo nas teorias e práticas da epidemiologia Epidemic constitution: old and new theories and practices in epidemiology

O artigo analisa a importância da idéia de constituição epidêmica, identificada pela presença recorrente do pensamento hipocrático na história da epidemiologia. Em termos gerais, constituição relaciona epidemias a circunstâncias geográfico-atmosféricas. O que se destaca é a concepção do fenômeno epidêmico como desequilíbrio da harmonia da natureza, como totalidade e ultrapassando a dimensão geográfica. Permanência de um pensamento hipocrático não significa a existência de uma continuidade. A idéia de constituição foi marcada por descontinuidades e definida por conceitos distintos no decorrer da história. A força desse pensamento deve ser compreendida a partir da base filosófica que a origina: a physis. O interesse pelo pensamento pré-socrático ganha significado especial na crise da modernidade, trazendo novos elementos, também, para a interpretação da idéia de constituição em epidemiologia.<br>The article analyzes the importance of the concept of epidemic constitution, whose presence has been recurrently identified in Hippocratic thinking throughout the history of epidemiology. In general terms, constitution relates epidemics to geographic and atmospheric conditions. The outstanding point in the article is the view of epidemics as phenomena associated to disruption in the harmony of nature, here understood as a whole beyond geographic dimensions. The permanence of Hippocratic thinking does not imply continuity. The concept of epidemic constitution has been discontinuous and structurally different throughout history. The power of the concept lies on its philosophical foundations: physis. Pre-Socratic ideas gain special significance for the understanding of the crisis of modern times and introduces new elements for the interpretation and conceptualization of constitution in epidemiology