14 research outputs found

    Theatre Elicitation: developing a potentially child-friendly method with children aged 8–12

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    This article discusses the growing body of literature published in Children Geographies on the importance of involving children in research processes. Inspired by participatory creative methods such as photo elicitation and popular/forum theatre, we have developed a potentially child-friendly tool referred to as Theatre Elicitation (TE). The objective of TE is to use theatre forms as a means of data collection in the context of a negotiated research process. In a pilot project in which we explore TE, children shared their perceptions of happiness. This was inspired by a UNICEF Report [2007. Child Poverty in Perspective: An Overview of Child Well-being in Rich Countries. Innocenti Report Card 7. Florence: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre] that listed ‘Dutch children’ as the happiest of the world. The focus of this article is the development of TE as an interactive research tool. Insights were gained into the meaning of ‘child-friendly’ research, shifting power relations between children, peers and adults, and how children’s own positioning in lived experiences contextualized concepts such as ‘Dutch children’

    Claim-making in transnational land deals: Discourses of legitimation and stakeholder relations in central Uganda

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    Land relations and contestation over land control in Uganda are deeply embedded in socio-historical struggles for legitimacy, identity, and belonging. While contemporary processes of land governance reform attempt to address increasing pressures on land with technocratic, administrative, and legal solutions, these approaches fail to take into consideration stakeholder dynamics underlying land claims. Within the context of rising volumes of transnational land acquisitions and corresponding increase in land-related conïŹ‚icts, this research investigates the processes by which various actors seek to legitimise their claims over land at the local level. Drawing on empirical research into four transnational land deals in central Uganda, we examine everyday practices of claimmaking through the study of discursive legitimation and stakeholder interactions. Land deals are thus conceptualised as ‘zones of intermediality’ where various claims are mediated at the intersection between references, practices, and discourses of local and external actors. We conclude that understanding patterns of stakeholder discourses and dynamics of interaction can provide critical insights into the role of claim-making in shaping practices and outcomes of land access and control

    Sur la piste des Rasikajy du nord-est de Madagascar

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    Les origines des Rasikajy du nord-est de Madagascar demeurent incertaines. Les avis concernant leurs racines sont partagĂ©s, souvent contradictoires, voire controversĂ©s. Du moins, les Ă©tudes qui ont Ă©tĂ© antĂ©rieurement effectuĂ©es ont Ă©clairci certains points sur l’identitĂ© des populations qui Ă©taient susceptibles d’avoir des contacts avec la population locale de VohĂ©mar. C’étaient sans doute des AustronĂ©siens venant de l’Asie du Sud-Est ou de l’Inde du Sud qui atteignirent probablement l’ouest de l’ocĂ©an Indien vers la fin du premier millĂ©naire av. J.-C., voire au dĂ©but du premier millĂ©naire. Ces migrations relĂšveraient de stratĂ©gies commerciales inscrites dans le dĂ©veloppement des rĂ©seaux d’échanges de l’ocĂ©an Indien. On peut penser que les « AustronĂ©siens » cherchĂšrent Ă  profiter de la demande Ă©manant de l’Occident mais aussi de l’ExtrĂȘme-Orient, en transportant eux-mĂȘmes les produits convoitĂ©s — et d’abord les Ă©pices — vers l’Inde du Sud, le Sind et la Perse ou par des routes qui Ă©vitaient l’Inde et leur permettaient de rallier l’Afrique de l’Est (via les Maldives ou les Chagos), d’oĂč ils rapportaient esclaves, ivoire et Ă©caille de tortue. C’est vraisemblablement dans ce contexte que les « AustronĂ©siens » dĂ©couvrirent les Comores et Madagascar, oĂč ils s’installĂšrent. Toute cette activitĂ© a menĂ© Ă  leur Ă©tablissement dans le nord-est de Madagascar. Et, depuis la dĂ©couverte rĂ©cente de la cĂ©ramique chinoise dans des tombes prĂ©sumĂ©es d’origine Rasikajy, de nouvelles interrogations surgissent concernant un lien de ces commerçants avec la Chine. De nouveaux efforts de recherches sont nĂ©cessaires afin de jeter de la lumiĂšre sur les origines du Rasikajy.The origins of the Rasikajy of Northeastern Madagascar are still unclear. Theories on their roots are far from universally held, often contradictory and even controversial. That said, studies carried out have clarified certain points concerning the identity of populations likely to have entered into contact with the local population of Vohemar. They were probably Austronesians coming from south-east Asia or from southern India who reached the western point of the Indian Ocean during the first millennium B.C. or the first millennium A.D. These migrations undoubtedly coincided with the expansion of commercial maritime routes in the Indian Ocean. These “Austronesians” would have been seeking to profit from increasing demand from both Occidental Europe and the Far East, by carrying out the transport of these precious cargos — and primarily spices — towards southern India, Sindh and Persia, or by taking routes to avoid India allowing them to directly reach eastern Africa via the Maldives or the Chagos islands, where they would acquire slaves, ivory or tortoise shells. It was possibly during the course of these voyages that the “Austronesians” discovered the Comores and Madagascar and settled there. More recently, with the discovery of Chinese pottery in tombs presumed to be of Rasikajy origin, questions have arisen as to the links of these traders with China. This opens up a promising area of investigation which calls for a comparative study of the various ritual practices of both the local and the migrant group

    The Rasikajy civilization in northeast Madagascar: a pre-European Chinese community?

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    Archaeological excavations in northern Madagascar during the first half of the 20th century have revealed the presence of a former prosperous civilisation known as the Rasikajy civilisation. Little is known about the origin of this civilisation and how and when they first arrived in Madagascar. The most striking evidence for the Rasikajy civilisation comes from excavations at a necropolis in Vohemar located along the northeast coast, where more than 600 tombs containing spectacular objects were unearthed in the 1940s (Vernier & Millot 1971). The findings in the tombs included, amongst others, Chinese ceramics, silver and gold jewellery, iron weapons, glassware, bronze mirrors and chlorite-schist objects (ibid.). The latter objects were produced from chlorite schist mined at quarries in northern and eastern Madagascar and there is evidence that jewellery and iron objects were also produced by the Rasikajy from locally available raw material. Chlorite-schist objects have not only been found in coastal sites in Madagascar, but also in the Comores and eastern Africa suggesting an active engagement of the Rasikajy in western Indian Ocean trade.Our re-evaluation of published literature on archaeological sites in northern Madagascar indicates that the majority of Chinese ceramics found in the tombs at Vohemar dates from the 15th and first half of the 16th century with some dating back to the 14th century or earlier. Our comparative analysis of burial objects at Vohemar shows that locally produced chlorite-schist tripod vessels exhibit remarkable resemblances to ancient Chinese bronze ritual tripod vessels. The objects encountered in the tombs and their positions with respect to the body indicate that the Rasikajy practiced burial rites similar to those practised in the past in China. Our re-evaluation of the literature suggests that communities with Chinese roots were present in northeastern Madagascar prior to the arrival of the first Europeans in 1500 and participated in the Indian Ocean trade network. The demise of the Rasikajy civilisation seems to have occurred in the second half of the 16th century when production of chlorite-schist objects ceased. It is still unclear why this occurred.Les fouilles archĂ©ologiques dans le nord de Madagascar durant la premiĂšre moitiĂ© du xxe siĂšcle ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© la prĂ©sence d’une civilisation ancienne prospĂšre connue sous le nom de civilisation Rasikajy. On sait peu de choses sur leur origine, comment et quand ils sont arrivĂ©s Ă  Madagascar. La preuve la plus Ă©vidente de la civilisation Rasikajy provient des fouilles de la nĂ©cropole de VohĂ©ar, situĂ©e le long de la cĂŽte nord-est, oĂč plus de 600 tombes contenant des objets extraordinaires ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©couvertes dans les annĂ©es 1940.Les vestiges relevĂ©s dans ces tombes comprenaient, entre autres, des cĂ©ramique chinoises, de l’argenterie et des bijous en or, des armes de fer, verrerie, miroirs en bronze et des objets en chloritoschiste. Des objets tardifs ont Ă©tĂ© fabriquĂ©s Ă  partir de schiste Ă  chlorite exploitĂ© dans les carriĂšres dans le nord-est de Madagascar et il est prouvĂ© que les bijoux et les objets en fer ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©galement produits par les Rasikajy Ă  partir des matiĂšres premiĂšres disponibles localement. Des objets en chloritoschiste ont non seulement Ă©tĂ© trouvĂ©s dans les sites cĂŽtiers de Madagascar mais aussi aux Comores et en Afrique orientale, suggĂ©rant une participation active des Rasikajy dans le commerce de l’ocĂ©an Indien occidental.Notre rĂ©Ă©valuation de la littĂ©rature publiĂ©e sur les sites archĂ©ologiques dans le nord de Madagascar indique que la majoritĂ© des cĂ©ramiques chinoises trouvĂ©es dans les tombes de VohĂ©mar sont Ă  dater du xve siĂšcle et de la premiĂšre moitiĂ© du xvie siĂšcle, avec quelques objets datant du xive siĂšcle ou encore plus tĂŽt. Notre analyse comparative des objets de la sĂ©pulture de VohĂ©mar montre que la production des marmites tripodes en chloritoschiste prĂ©sente des ressemblances remarquables avec les anciennes vaisselles rituelles tripodes en bronze des Chinois. Les objets relevĂ©s dans les tombes et leurs positions par rapport au corps indiquent que les Rasikajy pratiquaient des rites funĂ©raires semblables Ă  ceux effectuĂ©s dans le passĂ© en Chine. Notre rĂ©Ă©valuation de la littĂ©rature suggĂšre que des communautĂ©s ayant des racines chinoises Ă©taient prĂ©sentes dans le nord de Madagascar avant l’arrivĂ©e des premiers EuropĂ©ens en 1500 et ont participĂ© au rĂ©seau de commerce de l’ocĂ©an Indien.La disparition de la civilisation Rasikajy semble avoir eu lieu dans la seconde moitiĂ© du xvie siĂšcle lorsque la production d’objets en chloritochiste a cessĂ©. On ignore encore pourquoi cela s’est produit
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