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Not AvailableNot AvailableIndian Council of Agricultural Researc

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Not AvailablePoor fruit set and retention followed by sun burning and cracking is a serious physiological disorder in litchi which is causing significant economic loss. Besides these, the pre-harvest quiescent infection with blight, anthracnose etc is also causing huge losses at post harvest stage. Considering these problems an experiment was conducted during 2010-13 to evaluate the effect of pre-harvest spray of various chemicals on fruit quality, yield and storage life of litchi fruits. Eight chemical treatments were sprayed twice on litchi fruits cv. Shahi, during fruit development stage and observations related to fruit retention, sun burning, cracking, fruit weight and other quality parameters were recorded and analyzed. The result showed that the combined spray of carbendazim (0.2%) and KNO3 (4 and 2%) gave the highest fruit yield (26.06 kg/tree) and increased fruit retention by 26.10%, whereas minimum fruit cracking and sun burning (13.54%) was observed under combined spray of GA3 (50 and 100 ppm) and carbendazim (0.2%). The minimum fruit yield (18.01Kg/tree) and maximum percentage of discarded fruits (36.53%) were recorded in case of control (water spray). KNO3 treatments delayed the maturity of litchi fruits by 3.33 days whereas GA3 has advanced the maturity by 2.67 days and also gave uniform colour development. It has also been found that carbendazim treated fruits gave least decay loss (5.56%) after 5 days of storage at ambient condition.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableLitchi is distinctly a delicate, delicious summer delight, juicy, flavoured and attractive bright red colour fruit having good source of minerals and vitamins. India and China account for about 91 percent of the world’s litchi production but it is mainly marketed locally. Despite its wide popularity and demand in domestic and international market, transporting the fruit to distant markets has remained a challenge due to its highly perishable nature. Postharvest interventions therefore become indispensable to preserve litchi fruit quality for longer duration. One among such interventions is packaging that directly influences transpiration losses and respiratory metabolism in litchi fruit. Packaging plays the all important roles of containment, protection, convenience, and communication. Previously, gunny bags, bamboo basket, wooden boxes were used for packaging, but are now being rapidly replaced by corrugated fibre board (CFB) boxes for the versatility they bring. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of litchi in combination with postharvest treatments offers promising solutions to preserve litchi fruit quality. Intelligent packaging through use of sensors, wireless sensor networks, radio-frequency identification device (RFID) etc show the way ahead for future packaging solutions. Nonetheless, innovation in litchi packaging will require careful considerations of all factors that lead to quick fruit deterioration and generation of waste.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableFifty citrus (Citrus spp) genotypes comprising cultivars, strains and hybrids were characterized by using morphological characters in this study. Twenty quantitative characters from leaves, flowers and fruits were evaluated and morphological data from fifty accessions were submitted to one-way ANOVA, principal component and cluster analysis. The matrix of average dissimilarity between genotypes was estimated using Euclidean distance. Significant variation in quantitative characteristics among genotypes was observed. The average distance ranged from 0.09 - 3.77. The clustering pattern clearly differentiates the genotypes into separate clusters based on their dissimilarity values. The first 3 principal components explained 58.72% of variation and identified seeds/fruit, juice content, pH, TSS, TSS:TA and petal size as important traits that can be used to differentiate genotypes. Among all genotypes, small fruited mandarins were highly diverse while sweet orange and grapefruit genotypes presented the lowest diversity. The high diversity observed within the genotypes points to ample possibilities of obtaining desirable trait combinations in specific cultivars.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableLitchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), an arillate fruit species of China origin, possessed a unique structure comprising thin and leathery pericarp that enclosed the aril as its edible part. Fruit cracking is a serious physiological disorder in litchi that occurs during its growth and development, and causes significant loss of economic yield. Fruit cracking in litchi coincides with a period characterized by high day temperature (35-40°C) and low relative humidity (60%). It entails the implicated roles of both internal and external factors. Besides climatic effects, abnormal development of the skin during early fruit growth promotes the disorder. In this context, a concept, ball skin versus bladder effect was theorized to describe the relationship between a pre-grown skin and a growing aril. To further conceptualize the problem, Zig-zag Unfolding model was developed which decipher the role of spongy tissue in pericarp extensibility necessary for preventing pericarp cracking. Cracking occurs during the final stage of fruit growth when the aril develops and exerts pressure on the inactively growing pericarp. Thus, a balance between turgor pressure from the expanding aril and the mechanical structure and elasticity of skin is indispensable to prevent fruit cracking. Fruit cracking can be controlled by application of calcium nitrate (0.5 - 1%), borax (0.4 - 0.8%), Zn (0.4%), GA3 (10 ppm) alone or in combinations assured with timely irrigation, mulching, bagging of fruit bunches, use of shade nets and growing cracking resistant cultivars.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableLitchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is one of the most important subtropical fruit crops of the world. Improvement in this crop is constrained by its narrow genetic base, which is a major bottleneck in reaching the desired objectives. Studies on the nature and extent of genetic variability are highly relevant to yield information that can be useful for genetic improvement programmes. In the present study, 22 litchi genotypes including three new varieties were assessed for the variability, heritability and genetic advance and principal component analysis on the basis of 13 quantitative fruit traits. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were recorded for pulp weight (32.86 and 31.11%), seed weight (30.56 and 27.93%), peel thickness (25.07 and 20.21%), pulp thickness (24.79 and 22.22%) and fruit weight (22.65 and 21.17%).The heritability and genetic advance were found maximum for fruit yield/plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, pulp weight, pulp thickness, seed weight, peel thickness, peel weight, seed width (y-axis) and yield/plant, indicating ample scope of improvement for these traits through selection. From PCA and variability estimates, fruit weight, pulp weight, peel weight, peel thickness, seed weight and seed size were identified as important traits for identifying high-yielding genotypes.Not Availabl

Annual Report - 2020 of ICAR-All India Coordinated Research Project on Fruits, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru

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Not AvailableThe programme of AICRP on Fruits was reviewed by the Group Discussion for providing the future roadmap in excelling the MLTs of varieties and technologies. The reporting period has been the successful year for this project as the ICAR-AICRP on Fruits received Chaudhary Devi Lal Outstanding All India Coordinated Research Project Award 2016 on ICAR Foundation Day during 2017. This presents progress made during 2017-18.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThis annual report highlights the results of the experiments conducted at different centres of AICRP on Fruits.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableNot AvailableIndian Council of Agricultural Researc