2,697 research outputs found
Condensation for a fixed number of independent random variables
A family of m independent identically distributed random variables indexed by
a chemical potential \phi\in[0,\gamma] represents piles of particles. As \phi
increases to \gamma, the mean number of particles per site converges to a
maximal density \rho_c<\infty. The distribution of particles conditioned on the
total number of particles equal to n does not depend on \phi (canonical
ensemble). For fixed m, as n goes to infinity the canonical ensemble measure
behave as follows: removing the site with the maximal number of particles, the
distribution of particles in the remaining sites converges to the grand
canonical measure with density \rho_c; the remaining particles concentrate
(condensate) on a single site.Comment: 6 page
Phase Transition in the ABC Model
Recent studies have shown that one-dimensional driven systems can exhibit
phase separation even if the dynamics is governed by local rules. The ABC
model, which comprises three particle species that diffuse asymmetrically
around a ring, shows anomalous coarsening into a phase separated steady state.
In the limiting case in which the dynamics is symmetric and the parameter
describing the asymmetry tends to one, no phase separation occurs and the
steady state of the system is disordered. In the present work we consider the
weak asymmetry regime where is the system size and
study how the disordered state is approached. In the case of equal densities,
we find that the system exhibits a second order phase transition at some
nonzero .
The value of and the optimal profiles can be
obtained by writing the exact large deviation functional. For nonequal
densities, we write down mean field equations and analyze some of their
predictions.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figure
Condensation Transitions in Two Species Zero-Range Process
We study condensation transitions in the steady state of a zero-range process
with two species of particles. The steady state is exactly soluble -- it is
given by a factorised form provided the dynamics satisfy certain constraints --
and we exploit this to derive the phase diagram for a quite general choice of
dynamics. This phase diagram contains a variety of new mechanisms of condensate
formation, and a novel phase in which the condensate of one of the particle
species is sustained by a `weak' condensate of particles of the other species.
We also demonstrate how a single particle of one of the species (which plays
the role of a defect particle) can induce Bose-Einstein condensation above a
critical density of particles of the other species.Comment: 17 pages, 4 Postscript figure
Extracting predictive models from marked-p free-text documents at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London
In this paper we explore the combination of text-mining, un-supervised and supervised learning to extract predictive models from a corpus of digitised historical floras. These documents deal with the nomenclature, geographical distribution, ecology and comparative morphology of the species of a region. Here we exploit the fact that portions of text in the floras are marked up as different types of trait and habitat. We infer models from these different texts that can predict different habitat-types based upon the traits of plant species. We also integrate plant taxonomy data in order to assist in the validation of our models. We have shown that by clustering text describing the habitat of different floras we can identify a number of important and distinct habitats that are associated with particular families of species along with statistical significance scores. We have also shown that by using these discovered habitat-types as labels for supervised learning we can predict them based upon a subset of traits, identified using wrapper feature selection
Phase fluctuations in the ABC model
We analyze the fluctuations of the steady state profiles in the modulated
phase of the ABC model. For a system of sites, the steady state profiles
move on a microscopic time scale of order . The variance of their
displacement is computed in terms of the macroscopic steady state profiles by
using fluctuating hydrodynamics and large deviations. Our analytical prediction
for this variance is confirmed by the results of numerical simulations
Phase diagram of a generalized ABC model on the interval
We study the equilibrium phase diagram of a generalized ABC model on an
interval of the one-dimensional lattice: each site is occupied by a
particle of type \a=A,B,C, with the average density of each particle species
N_\a/N=r_\a fixed. These particles interact via a mean field
non-reflection-symmetric pair interaction. The interaction need not be
invariant under cyclic permutation of the particle species as in the standard
ABC model studied earlier. We prove in some cases and conjecture in others that
the scaled infinite system N\rw\infty, i/N\rw x\in[0,1] has a unique
density profile \p_\a(x) except for some special values of the r_\a for
which the system undergoes a second order phase transition from a uniform to a
nonuniform periodic profile at a critical temperature .Comment: 25 pages, 6 figure
UV Spectroscopy of Metal-Poor Massive Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud
The Hubble Space Telescope has provided the first clear evidence for weaker
winds of metal-poor massive stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud, confirming
theoretical predictions of the metallicity dependence of mass-loss rates and
wind terminal velocities. For lower luminosity O-type stars however, derived
mass-loss rates are orders of magnitude lower than predicted, and are at
present unexplained.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. To appear in 'The Impact of HST on European
Astronomy', Eds., G. De Marchi & F.D. Macchetto, Astrophysics & Space
Science, Springe
Rigorous results on spontaneous symmetry breaking in a one-dimensional driven particle system
We study spontaneous symmetry breaking in a one-dimensional driven
two-species stochastic cellular automaton with parallel sublattice update and
open boundaries. The dynamics are symmetric with respect to interchange of
particles. Starting from an empty initial lattice, the system enters a symmetry
broken state after some time T_1 through an amplification loop of initial
fluctuations. It remains in the symmetry broken state for a time T_2 through a
traffic jam effect. Applying a simple martingale argument, we obtain rigorous
asymptotic estimates for the expected times ~ L ln(L) and ln() ~ L,
where L is the system size. The actual value of T_1 depends strongly on the
initial fluctuation in the amplification loop. Numerical simulations suggest
that T_2 is exponentially distributed with a mean that grows exponentially in
system size. For the phase transition line we argue and confirm by simulations
that the flipping time between sign changes of the difference of particle
numbers approaches an algebraic distribution as the system size tends to
infinity.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figure
An Exactly Solvable Two-Way Traffic Model With Ordered Sequential Update
Within the formalism of matrix product ansatz, we study a two-species
asymmetric exclusion process with backward and forward site-ordered sequential
update. This model, which was originally introduced with the random sequential
update, describes a two-way traffic flow with a dynamic impurity and shows a
phase transition between the free flow and traffic jam. We investigate the
characteristics of this jamming and examine similarities and differences
between our results and those with random sequential update.Comment: 25 pages, Revtex, 7 ps file
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