Financial situation of people living with HIV in Europe.

The objective was to investigate the financial situation of people living with HIV in Europe. Two surveys using an anonymous questionnaire were organized in Europe among people living with HIV, the first in 1996-97 and the second in 1998-99. One thousand one hundred and sixty-one people from the 1996-97 survey and 899 from the 1998-99 survey were included. Four hundred and fifty-seven (42%) of the 1996-97 participants reported that their income had decreased since HIV diagnosis. The latter participants reported significantly more often difficulties in paying for housing (27% vs 20%), food (18% vs 12%) and transport (17% vs 12%) compared to 1998-99 participants. In multiple regression analysis, severity of HIV disease, not being on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), younger age, lower education level and living in the South of Europe were associated with having financial difficulties. We concluded that since the introduction of HAART, the financial situation of persons living with HIV in Europe has improved, but a relatively large percentage of them still have financial difficulties

Predictors of HIV-protection behaviour in HIV-positive men who have sex with casual male partners: a test of the explanatory power of an extended Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills model.

This prospective study applies an extended Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills (IMB) model to establish predictors of HIV-protection behaviour among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) during sex with casual partners. Data have been collected from anonymous, self-administered questionnaires and analysed by using descriptive and backward elimination regression analyses. In a sample of 165 HIV-positive MSM, 82 participants between the ages of 23 and 78 (M=46.4, SD=9.0) had sex with casual partners during the three-month period under investigation. About 62% (n=51) have always used a condom when having sex with casual partners. From the original IMB model, only subjective norm predicted condom use. More important predictors that increased condom use were low consumption of psychotropics, high satisfaction with sexuality, numerous changes in sexual behaviour after diagnosis, low social support from friends, alcohol use before sex and habitualised condom use with casual partner(s). The explanatory power of the calculated regression model was 49% (p<0.001). The study reveals the importance of personal and social resources and of routines for condom use, and provides information for the research-based conceptualisation of prevention offers addressing especially people living with HIV ("positive prevention")