Factors Associated with Revision Surgery after Internal Fixation of Hip Fractures

Background: Femoral neck fractures are associated with high rates of revision surgery after management with internal fixation. Using data from the Fixation using Alternative Implants for the Treatment of Hip fractures (FAITH) trial evaluating methods of internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures, we investigated associations between baseline and surgical factors and the need for revision surgery to promote healing, relieve pain, treat infection or improve function over 24 months postsurgery. Additionally, we investigated factors associated with (1) hardware removal and (2) implant exchange from cancellous screws (CS) or sliding hip screw (SHS) to total hip arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, or another internal fixation device. Methods: We identified 15 potential factors a priori that may be associated with revision surgery, 7 with hardware removal, and 14 with implant exchange. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses in our investigation. Results: Factors associated with increased risk of revision surgery included: female sex, [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.50; P = 0.001], higher body mass index (fo

The Influence Of Culture On Role Conceptions And Role Behavior In Organisations

The workforces of many industrialised nations are becoming increasingly more diverse. Organisations in these nations employ workers from a variety of cultures and subcultures. As a result, models of organisational behavior that assume that workers share a single, relatively homogeneous culture are no longer appropriate. In view of this, we offer a modified version of Katz and Kahn\u27s (1966, 1978) seminal model of role-taking. Our model of the Effects of Culture on Role Behavior (ECORB) explicitly recognises the effects that variations in the cultural backgrounds of role senders and role incumbents have on role expectations, sent roles, behavioral intentions, and role behavior. A basic premise of the same model is that cultural and subcultural variables affect the work-related scripts that a worker is willing and able to use. Moreover, because workers from different cultures or subcultures often operate on the basis of different scripts, a number of problems may arise (e.g. role incumbents may behave in ways that are inconsistent with the expectations of role senders). We offer implications of our ECORB model for theory, research, and practice

Personnel Selection Procedures And Invasion Of Privacy

We conducted two studies on the perceived invasiveness of 12 personnel selection procedures. In Study I, indirect scaling methods were used to examine the degree to which 84 employed adults in the United States perceived such procedures to be invasive of privacy. Results showed the application blank was the least invasive of privacy and the lie detector was the most invasive of privacy. In Study 2, data from 149 (mostly employed) adults in the Northeast were used to assess relationships between invasiveness and several hypothesized antecedents. Correlation analyses showed that invasiveness was predicted by several factors (e.g., the extent to which the procedures erroneously discredited job applicants). Implications for personnel selection practices in work organizations are considered

Factors Affecting The Acceptance And Effectiveness Of Electronic Human Resource Systems

Electronic human resource (eHR) systems are being used with increasing frequency in organizations. However, there is relatively little research on factors that influence the degree to which they result in functional versus dysfunctional consequences for individuals and organizations. Thus, the major purposes of this article are to: (a) present a model that relates a number of antecedents to such consequences, (b) describe the impact of individual and eHR system characteristics on four important eHR-related variables (i.e., information flows, social interactions, perceived control, and system acceptance), (c) offer a set of hypotheses that can be used to guide research on eHR systems, and (d) advance recommendations for the design of such systems. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Effects Of Coworker Race And Task Demand On Task-Related Outcomes As Mediated By Evoked Affect

Using a 2 × 2 (Coworker Race × Task Demand) design and data from 180 White women who worked in dyads with a male confederate, the present study examined the effects of coworker race (White vs. Black) and task demand (low vs. high cognitive demand) on evoked affect, task attention, task performance, task satisfaction, and the desire to work alone (as opposed to with a coworker). As expected, results showed that coworker race and task demand evoked differing levels of affect, which, in turn, influenced several other outcomes. These findings have important implications for promoting racial diversity in organizations

The Interactive Effects Of Race, Gender, And Job Type On Job Suitability Ratings And Selection Decisions

The present study examined the main and interactive effects of race, gender, and job type on job suitability ratings and selection decisions. Consistent with the double-advantage additive effects model of race and gender, highly educated Black women were rated as more suitable for jobs and more likely to be selected for jobs requiring high levels of cognitive ability than were comparably educated White men, White women, or Black men. These results suggest that selection decisions might be jointly determined by race, gender, and the nature of a job. The implications of these findings for overcoming biases in employment-related decision making are discussed