KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN BAWAH PADA SISTEM AGROFORESTRI DI PERBUKITAN MENOREH, KABUPATEN KULON PROGO (Diversity and Untilization of Understorey in Agroforestry System of Menoreh Hill, Kulon Progo Regency)

ABSTRAKAgroforestri yang diadopsi masyarakat dalam bentuk pekarangan dan tegalan menyimpan potensi keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan bawah yang diduga memiliki berbagai manfaat bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan bawah pada sistem agroforestri dan pemanfaatannya oleh masyarakat di perbukitan Menoreh. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey dengan melakukan inventarisasi jenis tumbuhan bawah serta wawancara dengan tokoh masyarakat tentang pemanfaatan tumbuhan bawah yang selama ini dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan dalam kurun waktu November 2012 sampai dengan April 2013, berlokasi di perbukitan Menoreh Kabupaten Kulon Progo yang terbagi dalam 3 zona berdasarkan ketinggian tempat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan bawah cenderung semakin tinggi pada lokasi yang lebih tinggi. Jenis tumbuhan bawah di pekarangan lebih banyak dibandingkan di tegalan pada semua zona ketinggian tempat. Tumbuhan bawah yang berhasil teridentifikasi sebanyak 41 jenis, 28 jenis di antaranya dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai bahan obat, antara lain untuk penyakit kulit, demam dan beberapa penyakit degeneratif seperti hipertensi, kanker, asam urat, asma dan sebagainya. Cara pemanfaatannya dengan dimakan langsung (dilalap), direbus, dibuat teh dan diambil sari patinya. Beberapa jenis tumbuhan bawah telah dimanfaatkan masyarakat secara tradisional sebagai bahan obat dan dibudidayakan sebagai sumber penghasilan tambahan. ABSTRACTAgroforestry adopted community in the form of homegardens and drylands holds the potential diversity of plants below that allegedly have various benefits for the community. This study aims to determine the diversity of plant species under the agroforestry system and its utilization by the community in the hills Menoreh. The method used is a survey method to conduct an inventory of understorey species and interviews with community leaders on the use of understorey has been done. The study was conducted in the period November 2012 to April 2013, located in the hills Menoreh, Kulon Progo regency is divided into three zones based on altitude. Based on this research, the diversity of understorey species the higher tends to a higher location. Understorey species in the homegardens more than in drylands at all altitude zones. Understorey species which were identified as many as 41 species, 28 species of which society is used as medicine, such as for skin diseases, fever and some degenerative diseases such as hypertension, cancer, gout, asthma and so on. To utilization to be eaten immediately (engulfed), stewed, made tea and juice taken the extract. Understorey species have been used traditionally as a community drug substance and cultivated as a source of additional income

Dominant Understorey Plants Producing Herbal Medicine Materials on Homegarden Agroforestry System in Menoreh Hills, Kulon Progo District

Priority products in homegarden agroforestry systems are still dominated by wood. Understorey is an important component of the homegarden community, but not a priority in its management because there is not much information about its benefits. Undestorey has several benefits such as food sources, food crops and medicinal materials. Research aimed to know the diversities of understorey species, the dominant of understorey species and the content of compounds in dominant understorey in the homegarden agroforestry system in Menoreh hill, Kulon Progo Regency. The study sites were categorized into 3 zones based on elevation, i.e. zone 1 ( 600 m asl). This research method used inventory and identification of understorey species, and identification the content of dominant understorey compound by TLC method. The results showed that there were 41 species of understorey, the dominant species in zones 1, 2 and 3 were Curcuma mangga Val. Zone 3 produced the highest diversity. Based on the similarity index, there was a difference between the homegarden groups in zones 1, 2 and 3. Phenols and terpenoids were identified as in C.mangga

TUMBUHAN BAWAH DOMINAN PENGHASIL BAHAN OBAT HERBAL PADA SISTEM AGROFORESTRI

Increased production and economic value of the agroforestry system can be done through the intensification and diversification of products. Contained in the components of agroforestry systems include the understorey that has not been a priority. This study aimed to: 1) determine the species of understorey in agroforestry systems, 2) determine the species of understorey that have been utilized the community as a medicine, and 3) determine the content of the active compounds from the understorey dominant a potentially as medicine. Location of the study is Kulon Progo district. The experiment was conducted in two phases , the first phase of data collection of vegetation in 9 (nine) locations in 3 (three) altitude zone, zone 1 (<300 m asl), zone 2 (301-600 m asl), zone 3 (>600 m asl) and the second stage to determine the potential laboratory the dominant of understorey as medicine to test the antimicrobial activity. Methods are used: 1) analysis vegetation of understorey using uniform sampling method, 2) identification of the active compound content using TLC method and 3) antimicrobial test using bioautografi contact method. Analysis of the data using: 1) a quantitative analysis to determine dominance, species richness (R'), evenness (E'), species diversity (H�) and plant community similarity index belo

Mainstreaming Smart Agroforestry for Social Forestry Implementation to Support Sustainable Development Goals in Indonesia: A Review

The increasing need for forest resources and cultivated land requires a solution in forest management to realize sustainable land use. Smart agroforestry (SAF) is a set of agriculture and silviculture knowledge and practices that is aimed at not only increasing profits and resilience for farmers but also improving environmental parameters, including climate change mitigation and adaptation, biodiversity enhancement, and soil and water conservation, while assuring sustainable landscape management. SAF, a solution for land management systems to reduce the rate of deforestation, is a smart effort to overcome the food crisis and mitigate climate change that is prospectively applied mainly in the social forestry area. Optimized forest land utilization could be achieved by implementing SAF and applying silvicultural and crop cultivation techniques to optimize productivity and meet sustainability and adaptability goals. This paper reviews the existing conditions, opportunities, and challenges in the mainstreaming of SAF in social forestry implementation to support the Sustainable Development Goals in Indonesia. Mainstreaming SAF should include policy innovation and regulation implementation, the use of appropriate technology, and compromises or trade-offs among benefits, risks, and resources. SAF is a strategy to revive the rural economy and community prosperity through the optimal use of local resources as well as a form of smart landscape and land-use management that has significant roles in soil and water conservation, bioenergy, climate change responses, and enhanced biodiversity conservation

Enabling Factors of NTFP Business Development for Ecosystem Restoration: The Case of Tamanu Oil in Indonesian Degraded Peatland

Indonesia&rsquo;s tropical peatlands are one of the world&rsquo;s largest carbon sinks, and they are facing the threat of extensive degradation and conversion. The Indonesian government is committed to peat restoration. However, restoration is still a costly, top-down approach lacking community participation, and is focused on the 3R scheme (rewetting, revegetation, and revitalization). Peatland restoration businesses are part of the innovative effort to finance this endeavor. Unfortunately, there is not much information available about the pre-conditions required to create a restoration business. This study seeks to understand the enabling conditions for the development of peatland restoration, with a focus on the tamanu oil business, and to assess whether the same situation might apply in the context of the restoration of degraded peatland. PEST analysis is used to describe the macro-environmental factors of the tamanu oil business and its development opportunities in degraded peatlands. Tamanu oil-based peat ecosystem restoration businesses offer good prospects because of the growing it has grown the bioenergy and biomedical markets, and they can cover a larger area of degraded peatland landscape. For tamanu oil businesses to succeed in peat ecosystem restoration, we recommend that policy documents at various levels include tamanu as a priority commodity for peatland restoration and alternative community businesses, followed by planting programs by all stakeholders. The government and social organizations must take positions as initiators and catalysts, establish a significant number and extent of pilot tamanu plantations, and create a mutually supportive business climate between entrepreneurs and peatland managers

Enabling Factors of NTFP Business Development for Ecosystem Restoration: The Case of Tamanu Oil in Indonesian Degraded Peatland

Indonesia’s tropical peatlands are one of the world’s largest carbon sinks, and they are facing the threat of extensive degradation and conversion. The Indonesian government is committed to peat restoration. However, restoration is still a costly, top-down approach lacking community participation, and is focused on the 3R scheme (rewetting, revegetation, and revitalization). Peatland restoration businesses are part of the innovative effort to finance this endeavor. Unfortunately, there is not much information available about the pre-conditions required to create a restoration business. This study seeks to understand the enabling conditions for the development of peatland restoration, with a focus on the tamanu oil business, and to assess whether the same situation might apply in the context of the restoration of degraded peatland. PEST analysis is used to describe the macro-environmental factors of the tamanu oil business and its development opportunities in degraded peatlands. Tamanu oil-based peat ecosystem restoration businesses offer good prospects because of the growing it has grown the bioenergy and biomedical markets, and they can cover a larger area of degraded peatland landscape. For tamanu oil businesses to succeed in peat ecosystem restoration, we recommend that policy documents at various levels include tamanu as a priority commodity for peatland restoration and alternative community businesses, followed by planting programs by all stakeholders. The government and social organizations must take positions as initiators and catalysts, establish a significant number and extent of pilot tamanu plantations, and create a mutually supportive business climate between entrepreneurs and peatland managers

A Chronicle of Indonesia’s Forest Management: A Long Step towards Environmental Sustainability and Community Welfare

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world, with 17,000 islands of varying sizes and elevations, from lowlands to very high mountains, stretching more than 5000 km eastward from Sabang in Aceh to Merauke in Papua. Although occupying only 1.3% of the world’s land area, Indonesia possesses the third-largest rainforest and the second-highest level of biodiversity, with very high species diversity and endemism. However, during the last two decades, Indonesia has been known as a country with a high level of deforestation, a producer of smoke from burning forests and land, and a producer of carbon emissions. The aim of this paper is to review the environmental history and the long process of Indonesian forest management towards achieving environmental sustainability and community welfare. To do this, we analyze the milestones of Indonesian forest management history, present and future challenges, and provide strategic recommendations toward a viable Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) system. Our review showed that the history of forestry management in Indonesia has evolved through a long process, especially related to contestation over the control of natural resources and supporting policies and regulations. During the process, many efforts have been applied to reduce the deforestation rate, such as a moratorium on permitting primary natural forest and peat land, land rehabilitation and soil conservation, environmental protection, and other significant regulations. Therefore, these efforts should be maintained and improved continuously in the future due to their significant positive impacts on a variety of forest areas toward the achievement of viable SFM. Finally, we conclude that the Indonesian government has struggled to formulate sustainable forest management policies that balance economic, ecological, and social needs, among others, through developing and implementing social forestry instruments, developing and implementing human resource capacity, increasing community literacy, strengthening forest governance by eliminating ambiguity and overlapping regulations, simplification of bureaucracy, revitalization of traditional wisdom, and fair law enforcement