Neonatal retroauricular cellulitis as an indicator of group B streptococcal bacteremia: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>The relation between cellulitis and Group B streptococcus infection in newborns and small infants was first reported during the early 1980s and named cellulitis-adenitis syndrome. We report a case of a neonate with cellulitis-adenitis syndrome in an unusual location (retroauricular).</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 21-day-old Caucasian female infant was brought to the emergency department with fever, irritability and a decreased appetite. Physical examination revealed erythema and painful, mild swelling in the right retroauricular region. The blood count and C-reactive protein level were normal. She was treated with ceftriaxone. The fever and irritability were resolved after 24 hours, and the cellulitis was clearly reduced after two days of hospitalization. Blood culture yielded Group B streptococcus.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>A thorough evaluation must be done, and lumbar punctures for infants with cellulitis must be considered. We emphasize the lack of data about acute phase reactants to predict bacteremia and meningitis and to adjust the duration of parenteral antibiotic therapy to address this syndrome.</p

Frecuencia y tendencia temporal de los defectos congénitos en Asturias: La necesidad de la vigilancia clinicoepidemiológica Prevalence and secular trend of congenital defects in Asturias, Spain: The need for clinical-epidemiological surveillance

Objetivo: Los defectos congénitos son la segunda causa de muerte perinatal e infantil, y la tercera entre los 2 y 5 años de edad en Asturias. Además, generan una importante morbilidad. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue conocer la frecuencia global de los defectos congénitos en Asturias y su forma de presentación. Métodos: Se analizaron los datos del Registro de Defectos Congénitos de Asturias (RDCA), de base poblacional, durante el período 1990-2004. Los datos se refieren a nacidos y abortos inducidos después del diagnóstico prenatal, y se presentan como prevalencias al nacimiento y total (incluye los abortos inducidos). Resultados: Se registraron 3.035 casos de defectos congénitos entre 103.452 nacidos, con una prevalencia total de 2,9 casos por 100 nacidos y una prevalencia al nacimiento del 2,5%. Estas frecuencias presentaron una tendencia al aumento. Fueron 2.516 (82,9%) neonatos, 46 (1,5%) mortinatos y 473 (15,6%) abortos inducidos. El diagnóstico prenatal fue aumentando durante el citado período. Un 63% presentó un defecto aislado o una secuencia, un 17% un síndrome y el 20% restante defectos múltiples sin un patrón sindrómico conocido. Los defectos más frecuentes y graves fueron los del tubo neural (12,2 casos por 10.000 nacidos), las anomalías del corazón (75,2 por 10.000) y las cromosómicas (34,4 por 10.000). Conclusiones: La experiencia de 15 años del RDCA pone de manifiesto la necesidad de estos sistemas de información para evaluar los programas de diagnóstico prenatal, planificar adecuadamente los recursos de atención a las mujeres embarazadas que pudieran estar afectadas, así como a los recién nacidos, y asegurar la vigilancia epidemiológica de los defectos congénitos en relación con las exposiciones medioambientales y medicamentosas, y con las técnicas de reproducción asistida.Objective: Congenital defects remain the second cause of perinatal and infant death and the third cause between the second and fifth years of life in Asturias. These anomalies generate substantial morbidity. The aim of the present study was to describe the population-based frequency of congenital defects in Asturias and their forms of presentation. Methods: Data from the population-based Registry of Congenital Defects of Asturias for 1990-2004 were analyzed. The data related to live births, stillbirths and induced abortions after prenatal diagnosis and are presented as birth prevalence and total prevalence (including induced abortions). Results: The total number of births was 103,452 and there were 3,035 cases of congenital defects, representing a total prevalence of 2.9 cases per 100 births and a birth prevalence of 2.5%. These figures showed a tendency to increase throughout the study period. A total of 2,516 (82.9%) cases were live births, 46 (1.5%) were stillbirths and 473 (15.6%) were induced abortions. Prenatal diagnosis increased throughout the period. Sixtythree percent of total cases showed an isolated defect, 17% a recognized syndrome and the remaining 20% had multiple malformations without a syndromic pattern. The most frequent and severe defects registered were neural tube defects (12.2 per 10,000 births), chromosomal abnormalities (34.4 per 10,000), and cardiac defects (75.2 per 10,000). Conclusions: The 15-year experience of the Registry of Congenital Defects of Asturias reveals the utility of this type of database to evaluate prenatal screening programs, plan the resources needed in affected pregnant women and infants, and perform epidemiological surveillance of congenital defects in relation to environmental risks, drug exposure and assisted reproduction techniques