Profile of cytokines in the lungs of BALB/c mice after intra-nasal infection with Histoplasma capsulatum mycelial propagules

Fil: Sahaza, Jorge H. Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); México.Fil: Suárez-Alvarez, Roberto. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Micología; Argentina.Fil: Estrada-Bárcenas, Daniel Alfonso. Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); México.Fil: Pérez-Torres, Armando. Laboratorio de Filogenia del Sistema Inmune de Piel y Mucosas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM; México.Fil: Taylor, Maria Lucia. Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); México.The host pulmonary response to the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum was evaluated, through the profile of cytokines detected by the MagPix magnetic beads platform in lung homogenates and by lung-granulomas formation, from mice intra-nasally infected with mycelial propagules (M-phase) of two virulent H. capsulatum strains, EH-46 and G-217B. Results highlight that mice lung inflammatory response depends on the H. capsulatum strain used, during the first step of the fungal infection. IL-1β and TNF-α increased their concentrations in mice infected with both strains. The highest levels of IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23 were found in EH-46-infected mice, whereas levels of IL-22 were variable at all post-infection times for both strains. Significant increases of IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 were associated to EH-46-infected mice. Histological lung findings from EH-46-infected mice revealed incipient and numerous well-developed granulomas, distributed in lung-lobes at the 14th and the 21st days after infection, according to cytokine profiles

Genetic diversity of Histoplasma capsulatum isolated from infected bats randomly captured in Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina, using the polymorphism of (GA)(n) microsatellite and its flanking regions

Fil: Taylor, María Lucía. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología; México.Fil: Hernández-García, Lorena. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología; México.Fil: Estrada-Bárcenas, Daniel. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología; México.Fil: Salas-Lizana, Rodolfo. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Ecología. Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva; México.Fil: Zancopé-Oliveira, Rosely M. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Serviço de Micología-Setor de Imunodiagnóstico; Brasil.Fil: García de la Cruz, Saúl. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología; México.Fil: Galvão-Dias, Maria A. Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Sao Paulo; Brasil.Fil: Curiel-Quesada, Everardo. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Departamento de Bioquímica. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas; México.Fil: Canteros, Cristina E. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Bioquímica; Argentina.Fil: Bojórquez-Torres, Georgina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología; México.Fil: Bogard-Fuentes, Carlos A. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología; México.Fil: Zamora-Tehozol, Erick. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología-Parasitología; México.The genetic diversity of 47 Histoplasma capsulatum isolates from infected bats captured in Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina was studied, using sequence polymorphism of a 240-nucleotides (nt) fragment, which includes the (GA)(n) length microsatellite and its flanking regions within the HSP60 gene. Three human clinical strains were used as geographic references. Based on phylogenetic analyses of 240-nt fragments achieved, the relationships among H. capsulatum isolates were resolved using neighbour-joining and maximum parsimony methods. The tree topologies obtained by both methods were identical and highlighted two major clusters of isolates. Cluster I had three sub-clusters (Ia, Ib, and Ic), all of which contained Mexican H. capsulatum samples, while cluster II consisted of samples from Brazil and Argentina. Sub-cluster Ia included only fungal isolates from the migratory bat Tadarida brasiliensis. An average DNA mutation rate of 2.39 × 10(-9) substitutions per site per year was estimated for the 240-nt fragment for all H. capsulatum isolates. Nucleotide diversity analysis of the (GA)(n) and flanking regions from fungal isolates of each cluster and sub-cluster underscored the high similarity of cluster II (Brazil and Argentina), sub-clusters Ib, and Ic (Mexico). According to the genetic distances among isolates, a network of the 240-nt fragment was graphically represented by (GA)(n) length haplotype. This network showed an association between genetic variation and both the geographic distribution and the ecotype dispersion of H. capsulatum, which are related to the migratory behaviour of the infected bats studied

Profile of cytokines in the lungs of BALB/c mice after intra-nasal infection with Histoplasma capsulatum mycelial propagules

Fil: Sahaza, Jorge H. Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); México.Fil: Suárez-Alvarez, Roberto. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Micología; Argentina.Fil: Estrada-Bárcenas, Daniel Alfonso. Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); México.Fil: Pérez-Torres, Armando. Laboratorio de Filogenia del Sistema Inmune de Piel y Mucosas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM; México.Fil: Taylor, Maria Lucia. Laboratorio de Inmunología de Hongos, Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); México.The host pulmonary response to the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum was evaluated, through the profile of cytokines detected by the MagPix magnetic beads platform in lung homogenates and by lung-granulomas formation, from mice intra-nasally infected with mycelial propagules (M-phase) of two virulent H. capsulatum strains, EH-46 and G-217B. Results highlight that mice lung inflammatory response depends on the H. capsulatum strain used, during the first step of the fungal infection. IL-1β and TNF-α increased their concentrations in mice infected with both strains. The highest levels of IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23 were found in EH-46-infected mice, whereas levels of IL-22 were variable at all post-infection times for both strains. Significant increases of IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 were associated to EH-46-infected mice. Histological lung findings from EH-46-infected mice revealed incipient and numerous well-developed granulomas, distributed in lung-lobes at the 14th and the 21st days after infection, according to cytokine profiles