Nutritional Management of Prefattening and Fattening Stages ot an Integrated Swine Farm

The aim of this paper is to assess economic and biologic feasibility of different feed categories in swine prefattening and fattening stages. Equally important is to quantify the contribution of nutrients, digestible energy, and crude proteins based on conventional raw materials (corn and soybean), as well as nonconventional ones (parted rice, fat and sunflower meal). A composition analysis was made, and rations for pigs were simulated in the abovementioned stages. According to the standard supplies, the protein levels found in the commercial feed type were either excessive or deficient at times in relation to animal requirements. The costs of production were subsequently increased, and nutritional unbalances were observed, making feed rations costlier than the feeds made for the stages under the study, using nonconventional raw materials

Nutritional Management During Gestation and Lactation on an Integrated Swine Farm. Case study

On the Rescate de Sanguily swine farm, of the Swine Company of Camagüey, whose purpose is to prefatten pigs for fattening agreements with farmers, the nutrition of breeding sows and the feasibility of using alternative rations or nonconventional products for nutrition were partially assessed during gestation and lactation. The protein and energy values were higher than the requirements set up for these categories. Replacement of commercial feed by two types of feeds was simulated with the use on nonconventional raw materials during pig gestation and lactation. The goal was to assess the possibility to cut down on the costs of nutrition, close the gap between the requirements and nutrient contribution (CP and DE), and convenience of its inclusion of roughages on the breeder´s diet. A comparison of the costs per ton of feedstuffs showed a difference toward nonconventional products, which may offer some selection criteria to farmers, provided that they are willing to implement diversifying strategies on their farms, or sign agreements with farms seeking profits for the two entities

Manejo alimentario en las etapas de preceba y ceba en una unidad integral de producción porcina.

Con el objetivo de evaluar la factibilidad económica y biológica del uso de piensos por categorías en lugar del empleo de un pienso único en las etapas de preceba y ceba porcina, y de hacer una cuantificación global del aporte de los nutrientes, energía digestible y proteína bruta, a partir de materias primas convencionales (maíz y soya) y no convencionales (arroz partido, sebo, harina de girasol), se realizó un análisis de composición y se simularon raciones para cerdos en las etapas mencionadas. Se pudo apreciar que conforme a las normas de entrega de la unidad productora,los niveles de proteína que se encontraron en las raciones de pienso tipo único presentan por etapas déficits o excesos de nutrientes de acuerdo a las requerimientos de los animales; esto provoca encarecimiento de la actividad productiva y desbalances nutricionales y deja claro que estas raciones son más caras que las de piensos con la inclusión de materias primas no convencionales.Nutritional Management in the Prefattening and Fattening Stages on an Integrated Swine Far. ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to assess economic and biologic feasibility of different feed categories in swine prefattening and fattening. Equally important is to quantify the contribution of nutrients, digestible energy, and raw proteins based on conventional raw materials (corn and soybean), as well as nonconventional ones (parted rice, fat and sun flower meal). A composition analysis was made, and rations for pigs were simulated in the abovementioned stages. According to the standard supplies, the protein levels found in the singletype feed were either excessive or deficient at times, in relation to the animal requirements. The costs of production were subsequently increased, and nutritional unbalances were observed, making feed rations costlier than the feeds made for the stages under the study, using nonconventional raw materials

Manejo alimentario durante la gestación y lactancia en una unidad integral de producción porcina. Estudio de caso.

En el centro porcino Rescate de Sanguily, de la Empresa Porcina Camagüey cuyo propósito es la producción de precebas para los convenios porcinos, se evaluó parcialmente la alimentación de las cerdas reproductoras en sus fases de gestación y lactancia, y la factibilidad del uso de raciones alternativas o productos no convencionales. Los valores de proteína y energía fueron superiores a los requerimientos establecidos para estas categorías. A partir de la inclusión de materias primas no convencionales se simuló la sustitución del pienso único por dos piensos para las fases de gestación y lactancia, con el objetivo de evaluar la posibilidad de abaratar los costos de alimentación, lograr mayor ajuste entre el reque-rimiento y el aporte de los nutrientes PB y ED y la conveniencia de esta inclusión en las dietas de las repro-ductoras de alimentos voluminosos. Al comparar los costos por tonelada de mezcla se pudo apreciar la diferencia a favor de los productos no convencionales, lo que puede dar un criterio de selección a los productores, siempre que estén dispuestos a enfrentar un proceso de diversificación en las unidades productivas o la contratación con unidades productoras dentro de márgenes de utilidadespara ambas entidades.Nutritional Management During Gestation and Lactation on an Integrated Swine Farm. Case study ABSTRACTOn the Rescate de Sanguily swine farm, of the Swine Company of Camagüey (Empresa Porcina), whose purpose is to prefatten pigs for pig fattening agreements with producers, the nutrition of breeding sows and the feasibility of using alternative rations or nonconventional products for nutrition, were partially assessed during gestation and lactation. The protein and energy values were higher than the requirements set up for these categories. Replacement of singletype feed for two types of feeds was simulated with the use on nonconventional raw materials during gestation and lactation. The goal was to assess the possibility to cut down on the costs of nutrition, close the gap between the requirements and nutrient contribution (PB and ED), and convenience of its inclusion of bulk feeds on the breeder´s diet. A comparison of the costs per ton of feedstuff showed a difference toward nonconventional products, which may offer some selection criteria to farmers, provided they are willing to implement diversifying strategies on their farms, or agreements with producing farms seeking profits for the two entities

El Marabú (Dichrostachys cinerea) como planta medicinal

Antecedentes: Dichrostachys cinerea es considerada por algunos una planta invasora y por otros una planta de gran utilidad. En el espectro de oportunidades que se dan con esta planta, su uso como medicina natural puede ser de interés para los investigadores de las ciencias veterinarias. Objetivo. Dar un resumen que oriente y ayude a investigar el uso alternativo con fines medicinales de la planta. Desarrollo: Existen múltiples evidencias del uso de Dichrostachys cinerea como planta medicinal. Se han usado diferentes partes de la planta y con diferentes tratamientos, tanto en humanos como en animales. En la búsqueda de las razones de los efectos medicinales de la planta han sido utilizadas técnicas tan simples como el tamizaje fitoquímico básico, y también procedimientos analíticos con la utilización de tecnologías mucho más sofisticadas. Se ha estudiado además su uso como alimento animal y algo sobre la influencia de las estaciones en el valor medicinal de la planta. Conclusiones: Dichrostachys cinerea es considerada invasiva por su competencia con otros cultivos, pero ofrece múltiples oportunidades para ser usada como planta medicinal. Queda mucho por hacer en la búsqueda de alternativas de su utilización en la medicina veterinaria y humana. Palabras claves: bioactivos, Fotoquímica, medicina alternativa, metabolitos, plantas medicinales (Fuente: MeSH

Potential Economic Impact of a BAGAMES Plant on Milk Production.

The potential economic impact of a BAGAMES plant on milk production was estimated.  A volume  of 100 t/d of dried product was used. The cows in the study had the following features: 420 kg live weight, no weight gain, under-going the third lactation period, a capacity of  17.0 l/cow of potential milk, with 3.8 % of fat. Production was estimat-ed at 10.0 l/cow. CALRAC software was used. Two cases were evaluated: dry season  (210 days), where the animal has high energy loss  caused by  motion; and the rainy season  (155 days), with less motion.  In both cases the animals ate BAGAMES and low quality grass (pitilla and Texan), with A-2 salt.  The introduction of the technological pro-posal had a significant economic impact, with import savings accounting for more than  4 600 t  of powdered milk a year, and $ CUP 12 243 614.45 to the balance of payments

Impacto económico potencial de una planta de BAGAMÉS en la producción de leche.

Se estimó el impacto económico potencial de una planta de BAGAMÉS en la producción de leche. Se decidió escoger una capacidad productiva de 100 t/d de producto seco. Las vacas tenían las siguientes características: 420 kg de peso vivo, sin ganancia de peso, en su tercera lactancia, con una capacidad de 17,0 l/vaca de leche potencial, con 3,8 % de grasa. Se estimó una producción de 10,0 l/vaca. Se utilizó el programa CALRAC. Se analizaron dos casos: época poco lluviosa (210 días), donde el animal tiene alto gasto por locomoción y época lluviosa (155 días) con bajo gasto por locomoción. En ambos casos el animal se alimentó con BAGAMÉS, pasto de mala calidad (pitilla más tejana) y con sal A-2. La introducción de la propuesta tecnológica representó un impacto económico positivo, eviden-ciado con el ahorro por sustitución de importaciones, de más de 4 600 t de leche en polvo anualmente, que represen-tan una contribución de 12 243 614,45 pesos a la balanza de pagosPotential Economic Impact of a BAGAMES Manufacturing Plant on Milk Production.ABSTRACTA plant manufacturing protein-enriched sugarcane bagasse (BAGAMES) for dairy-cow feeding and, hence, its potential economic impact on milk production was evaluated. Productive capacity chosen to this end was 100 t/d of dry matter. Dairy cows under study were characterized by 420 kg liveweight, no weight gain, being in their third lacta-tional period, and a potential milk production of 17,0 l/cow with 3,8 % of fat. Milk production per dairy cow was es-timated in 10,0 l. Data were processed by the CALRAC software program. A two-case analytical study was carried out: the first one during the less rainy season (210 days) in which animals move about the most, and the second one during the rainy season (155 days) when animals move about the least. In both cases, dairy cows were fed with BAGAMES, low quality pasture, and A-2 salt. The implementation of the BAGAMES manufacturing plant, as a technological proposal, had a positive economic impact on milk production, evidenced by an annual decrease in im-ports of more than 4 600 tons of powder milk which contributed 12 243 614,45 pesos to the balance of payments

Análisis del efecto bioeconómico de la inclusión de cultivos de ciclo corto como integración al sistema de producción lechera

Bioeconomic possibilities by integrating short-cycle cultures (Vigna sinensis, Sorghum vulgare, and Sesamum indicum) into a Leucaena leucocephala area were evaluated in a livestock production system established on an experimental farm from the Study Center for Animal Production Development affiliated to Camagüey University, Cuba. A simulation of a dairy farm comprising a 100 ha grazing ground and 1,2 cattle heads/ha was performed. In this area, 30 ha were sown with Leucaena leucocephala vs. Peru. Treatments assessed were Vigna sinensis + Leucaena leucocephala, Sorghum vulgare + Leucaena leucocephala, Sesamum indicum + Leucaena leucocephala, and Leucaena leucocephala (control treatment). Forage balances including yields of pasture, Leucaena leucocephala, and grains from the intercalated cultures were performed. Potential energy and protein supply was determined. Utility net changes per treatment were estimated through a partial budget analysis. Social and environmental benefits due to the treatments application were also estimated. It was proved that these grains supplementation to cattle directly affected by Leucaena leucocephala as an only feeding source was profitable in satisfying dry matter needs in 48,2 %, 40,1 %, and 32,0 % for Vigna sinensis, Sorghum vulgare, and Sesamum indicum, respectively. Besides, protein (0,74 t/ha, 0,55 t/ha, and 1,21 t/ha) and metabolical energy (6 646,6 Mcal/ha, 6 138,4 Mcal/ha, and 7 580,2 Mcal/ha) supply reached significant values for the three treatments in order already mentioned. Utility net changes reported economic advanteges for the three assessed culture variantes, i.e., $7 087,80 for Vigna sinensis,$6 088,26 for Sorghum vulgare, and $11 194,88 for Sesamum indicum. Hence, these short-cycle cultures are translated into social and environmental benefits.Se evaluó las posibilidades bioeconómicas de integración de cultivos de ciclo corto (Vigna sinensis, Sorghum vulgare y Sesamum indicum) a Leucaena leucocephala, dentro de un sistema de producción ganadera, en el área experimental del Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo de la Producción Animal, de la Universidad de Camagüey Cuba. Se simuló una finca productora de leche con un área de pastoreo de 100 ha y una carga de 1,2 unidades de ganado mayor/ha, en la que se sembraron 30 hectáreas con Leucaena leucocephala cv Perú. Los tratamientos estudiados fueron: vigna + leucaena, sorgo + leucaena, ajonjolí + leucaena y control (leucaena). Se realizaron balances forrajeros incluyendo los rendimientos del pasto, leucaena y los granos de cultivos intercalados. Se determinó el aporte potencial de energía y proteína de cada tratamiento. Se aplicó análisis de presupuesto parcial para calcular el cambio neto de utilidades en cada tratamiento. Se estimaron los beneficios sociales y ambientales resultantes de la aplicación de los tratamientos. Cuando se emplearon los granos para suplementar al grupo de animales afectados directamente por el establecimiento de leucaena, se logró cubrir las necesidades de materia seca en un 48,2 ; 40,1 y 32,0$ 7 087,80, sorgo: $6 088,26 y ajonjolí:$ 11 194,88. Estos cultivos aportan beneficios ambientales y sociales

Annual Behavior of Milk Production Bio economic Indicators in Dairies of Ruta InvasoraCattle Raising Enterprise, Ciego de Ávila. II. Case Study Dairy.

Previous research of ten dairies at Ruta Invasora Cattle Raising Enterprise, in Ciego de Ávila, about the annual behavior of bioeconomic indicators of milk production singled out Dairy No. 1 as the most outstanding. It was then used as a comparison model in a case study, with the remaining nine units, based on the average reproductive, productive and economic indicators for the five-year period studied. Decomposition of seasonal time series to determine birth behavior was performed, using a multiplication model, considering 10 % above or below 100 %. Dairy No. 1 had birth peaks in the April-July period, with the highest values in May, which seemed to have determined a better behavior, especially in its best year, in relation with reproductive efficiency (78 % birth rate); productive, (1 393 kg/ha); and economic (0.86 CUP/kg of milk), in comparison with the rest of the units and the means from the years studied. These results corroborate the feasibility of improving milk production efficiency when the birth peaks occur within the rainy season