Funciones C∞ entre espacios de Banach con derivadas en un punto frontera

Este trabajo versa sobre funciones C∞ en el sentido de Fréchet, definidas en abiertos convexos de espacios de Banach, tales que ellas y sus derivadas tengan límite en un punto frontera a través de determinados subconjuntos del abierto. El principal resultado es la prueba de una generalización a espacios de Banach del clásico teorema de Borel. Se dan dos demostraciones: una constructiva que utiliza solo análisis real y con técnicas de análisis complejo en espacios que cumplen la condición de Kurzweil, obteniéndose también algunos resultados sobre desarrollos asintóticos en espacios de Banach complejos. Se estudian también topologías sobre los espacios de funciones definidos relacionadas con la topología β y la compacta-abierta. En el último capítulo se estudian algunas clases cuasianalíticas de funciones entre espacios de Banach y se obtienen condiciones sobre la sucesión de cotas, para que exista una función de la clase con derivadas prefijadas  en el origen. Departamento de Análisis Matemático y Didáctica Matemátic

Public transport users versus private vehicle users: Differences about quality of service, satisfaction and attitudes toward public transport in Madrid (Spain)

This paper aims to further understand the main factors influencing the behavioural intentions (BI) of private vehicle users towards public transport to provide policymakers and public transport operators with the tools they need to attract more private vehicle users. As service quality, satisfaction and attitudes towards public transport are considered the main motivational forces behind the BI of public transport users, this research analyses 26 indicators frequently associated with these constructs for both public transport users and private vehicle users. Non-parametric tests and ordinal logit models have been applied to an online survey asked in Madrid’s metropolitan area with a sample size of 1025 respondents (525 regular public transport users and 500 regular private vehicle users). In order to achieve a comprehensive analysis and to deal with heterogeneity in perceptions, 338 models have been developed for the entire sample and for 12 users’ segments. The results led to the identification of indicators with no significant differences between public transport and private vehicle users in any of the segments being considered (punctuality, information and low-income), as well as those that did show significant differences in all the segments (proximity, intermodality, save time and money, and lifestyle). The main differences between public transport and private vehicle users were found in the attitudes towards public transport and for certain user segments (residents in the city centre, males, young, with university qualification and with incomes above 2700€/month). Findings from this study can be used to develop policies and recommendations for persuading more private vehicle users to use the public transport services.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Research Project TRA2015-66235-R)

How does private vehicle users perceive the public transport service quality in large metropolitan areas? A European comparison

Support from Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Research Project TRA2015-66235-R) is gratefully acknowledged. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBUAMost studies on public transport service quality focus on the perspective of the public transport user, overlooking potential users, that is, private vehicle users. This paper explores the perception of private vehicle users about the quality of public transport. The objective is to identify the attributes that bear the greatest influence on the general satisfaction of the private vehicle user with respect to public transport in five major European cities: Berlin, Lisbon, London, Madrid and Rome. The analysis estimates the effect of 14 quality of service attributes on general satisfaction using Ordinal Logit Models (OLM), using data from an online survey sent to private vehicle users, with a similar sample size for each city (N > 500 per city). To analyse the heterogeneity of the perceptions, 20 models were calibrated: 15 models were calibrated controlling for location; and five models (one per city) were calibrated controlling for sociodemographic and mobility characteristics. Frequency, punctuality, intermodality, cost and cleanliness were identified as attributes exerting a significant effect on satisfaction in practically all the models, meaning they could be considered core attributes for private vehicle users. On a second level, a group of attributes were significant in a substantial number of models (service hours, proximity, speed, temperature and safety). Finally, the remaining attributes were only significant for specific cities or segments. The last two groups of attributes allowed to detect differences between cities and market segments.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness TRA2015-66235-

The triumph of partisanship: political scientists in the public debate about Catalonia's independence crisis (2010-2018)

Participation in the public debate constitutes one of the most evident avenues for political scientists to demonstrate the social relevance of the discipline. This article focuses on two questions: the types of roles political scientists adopt in their public interventions and the potential tensions between their public engagement and the epistemic norms regulating academic and research activities. We investigate these questions in the context of very salient political debates, involving a high degree of political confrontation, where basic political beliefs, values, identities, and interests are at stake. Focusing on the case of the public debate surrounding the Catalan independence crisis (2010-2018), we demonstrate that in this type of context, (1) political scientists mostly adopt a partisan stance in their public interventions, yet it is also frequent that this is combined with the presence of academic elements in their discourse; (2) demand side factors (media outlets' editorial lines) reinforce these partisan dynamics. These findings show that opportunities for increasing the social relevance of political scientists in these highly contentious contexts might come at the price of creating tensions that could erode the legitimacy of political science knowledge before the public

Transit quality evaluation: processes conducted by managers and operators

The development of quality policies applied to the public transport sector has increased the operators and managers interest in ensuring passengers’ satisfaction standards; therefore, their actions have been instrumented through the quality of service perception. In this context, the research project GESCAL performs a comparative analysis about the evaluation techniques used by the operators, from the passengers’ point of view, as a tool that support the service quality management. This comparison shapes the innovative nature of this research. This paper presents, the diversity of procedures carried out at a national level for evaluating passengers’ perceptions about the transit service quality. Some conclusions are obtained through a qualitative analysis based on in-depth interviews conducted to operators and administrations of different public transport services (bus, train, tramway and light rail services in the urban, metropolitan and interurban contexts).These results permit to affirm that these procedures are to a large extent standardized, but the implemented methodologies are heterogeneous between organizations due to the influence of the exogenous context and different endogenous factors of the organization. Likewise, the objectives of the quality evaluation service campaigns can be affected by these conditioning factors and, in some cases there is no correspondence between the applied methodology and the postulated objectivesSpanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Research Project TRA2015-66235-R)

Influence of pH on the adsorption-desorption of doxycycline, enrofloxacin, and sulfamethoxypyridazine in soils with variable surface charge

Financiado para publicación en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISUGIn this research, the adsorption/desorption of the antibiotics doxycycline (DC), enrofloxacin (ENR), and sulfamethoxypyradazine (SMP) was studied in 6 agricultural soils with predominance of variable charge, both before and after removing organic matter by calcination. DC adsorption was high at acidic pH, and decreased at pH values above 8. Removal of organic matter with calcination caused just a slight decrease in adsorption, and even in some soils adsorption was similar to that in non-calcined samples. The adsorption coefficients (Kd) were higher for the DC− species compared to DC+, DC0 and DC2−. Regarding DC desorption, the values were very low throughout the pH range covered in the study (2–12), both in the calcined samples and in those not subjected to calcination. ENR showed a similar behavior to DC regarding the effect of pH, since ENR adsorption also decreased at basic pH, but the effect of removing organic matter was different, as it caused a clear decrease in ENR adsorption. The species with the highest Kd was in this case ENR0, although ENR+ is also quantitatively important as regards Kd value in calcined samples. For this antibiotic, no differences in desorption were observed between calcined and non-calcined samples. Finally, SMP adsorption also decreased as pH increased, and, in addition, similarly to what happened with ENR, in general, there was a strong decrease in SMP adsorption when organic matter was removed. The species with the highest Kd in this case was SMP+ in non-calcined samples, but SMP0 and SMP− become more relevant in calcined samples. The percentages of SMP desorption were higher than those for the other two antibiotics, and an increase occurs at intermediate pH values, being higher for calcined samples. These results can be considered relevant in terms of increasing the knowledge as regards the possible evolution and fate of the three antibiotics studied. Specifically, for different pH conditions and with different organic matter contents, when they reach soils and other environmental compartments after being discharged as contaminants. This could have important repercussions on public health and the overall environmentMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. CGL2015-67333-C2-1-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. CGL2015-67333-C2-2-

Photodegradation of ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin and trimethoprim: influence of pH and humic acids

In view of the rising relevance of emerging pollutants in the environment, this work studies the photodegradation of three antibiotics, evaluating the effects of the pH of the medium and the concentration of dissolved organic matter. Simulated light (with a spectrum similar to that of natural sunlight) was applied to the antibiotics Ciprofloxacin (Cip), Clarithromycin (Cla) and Trimethoprim (Tri), at three different pH, and in the presence of different concentrations of humic acids. The sensitivity to light followed the sequence: Cip > Cla > Tri, which was inverse for the half-life (Tri > Cla > Cip). As the pH increased, the half-life generally decreased, except for Cla. Regarding the kinetic constant k, in the case of Cip and Tri it increased with the rise of pH, while decreased for Cla. The results corresponding to total organic carbon (TOC) indicate that the complete mineralization of the antibiotics was not achieved. The effect of humic acids was not marked, slightly increasing the degradation of Cip, and slightly decreasing it for Tri, while no effect was detected for Cla. These results may be relevant in terms of understanding the evolution of these antibiotics, especially when they reach different environmental compartments and receive sunlight radiation.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades | Ref. RTI2018-099574-B-C21Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades | Ref. RTI2018-099574-B-C2

SARS-CoV-2 and other main pathogenic microorganisms in the environment: situation in Galicia and Spain

In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, and mostly taking a broad perspective, it is clearly relevant to study environmental factors that could affect eventual future outbreaks due to coronaviruses and/or other pathogenic microorganisms. In view of that, the authors of this manuscript review the situation of SARS-CoV-2 and other main pathogenic microorganisms in the environment, focusing on Galicia and Spain. Overall, in addition to showing local data, it is put in evidence that, summed to all efforts being carried out to treat/control this and any other eventual future epidemic diseases, both at local and global levels, a deep attention should be paid to ecological/environmental aspects that have effects on the planet, its ecosystems and their relations/associations with the probability of spreading of eventual future pandemicsThis work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of science, innovation and universities [grant numbers RTI2018-099574-B-C21 and RTI2018-099574-B-C22]. It also received funds from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (FEDER in Spain), being a complement to the previous grants, without additional grant numberS

Controlling risks of P water pollution by sorption on soils, pyritic material, granitic material, and different by-products: effects of pH and incubation time

This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of use, but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2267-9Batch experiments were used to test P sorbent potential of soil samples, pyritic and granitic materials, mussel shell, mussel shell ash, sawdust, and slate waste fines for different pH and incubation times. Maximum P sorption varied in a wide range of pH: < 4 for pyritic material, 4–6 for forest soil, > 5 for slate fines, > 6 for shell ash, and pH 6–8 for mussel shell. P sorption was rapid (< 24 h) for forest soil, shell ash, pyritic material, and fine shell. On the opposite side, it was clearly slower for vineyard soil, granitic material, slate fines, pine sawdust, and coarse shell, with increased P sorption even 1 month later. For any incubation time, P sorption was > 90% in shell ash, whereas forest soil, pyritic material, and fine shell showed sorption rates approaching 100% within 24 h of incubation. These results could be useful to manage and/or recycle the sorbents tested when focusing on P immobilization or removal, in circumstances where pH changes and where contact time may vary from hours to days, thus aiding to diminish P pollution and subsequent eutrophication risks, promoting conservation and sustainability.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Government of Spain) e European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (FEDERin Spain)S

A caracterização da hematuria nos pacientes pediátricos atendidos em uma clínica pediátrica, na cidade de Bucaramanga – no estado de Santander, Colômbia

La hematuria es una de las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes de origen nefrourológico en la edad pediátrica, con un espectro etiológico amplio, desde enfermedades benignas hasta potencialmente graves de acuerdo a la población estudiada. Objetivo: Determinar las características sociodemográficas, clínicas, paraclínicas y etiológicas en pacientes pediátricos asistidos en una clínica de atención pediátrica en Bucaramanga-Santander. Metodología: Mediante un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo se revisaron los registros de la historia clínica de los pacientes atendidos por hematuria en la consulta externa de nefrología pediátrica. Resultados: 125 pacientes de la consulta externa de nefrología pediátrica, de agosto de 2010 a julio de 2013, tenían diagnóstico confirmado de hematuria, 81 (64.81%) completaron el estudio. La mediana de edad fue 7 años, con predominio en el sexo masculino. La mediana de duración de la hematuria fue 180 días. El tipo de hematuria más frecuente fue la microscópica 55 (44.0%) y de patrón intermitente 24 (43.6%). En 42 (33.6%) pacientes se realizó biopsiarenal. La causa más frecuente de hematuria microscópica y mixta fue la enfermedad de membrana basal delgada, y para la hematuria macroscópica fue la cistitis hemorrágica. Conclusiones: No encontrando datos similares en la literatura colombiana, este estudio aporta características de la hematuria de una población limitada de consulta externa y abre las puertas para la realización de nuevos estudios comparativos con otras poblaciones, con el fin de establecer parámetros de enfoque diagnóstico y seguimiento.[Estévez Capacho MA,Moreno DíazNX, Martínez Cáceres LE. Caracterización de la hematuria en pacientes pediátricos atendidos en una clínica de atención pediátrica en Bucaramanga, Santander, ColombiaHematuria is one of the most frequent clinical manifestations of nephrourological origin in pediatric age, with a wide etiological spectrum, from benign to potentially serious diseases according to the population studied. Objective: To determine the sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical and etiological characteristics in pediatric patients assisted in a pediatric care clinic in Bucaramanga-Santander. Methodology: By means of a retrospective descriptive study, the records of the medical history of the patients treated for hematuria in the pediatric nephrology outpatient clinic were reviewed. Results: 125 patients from the pediatric nephrology outpatient clinic, from August 2010 to July 2013, had a confirmed diagnosis of hematuria, 81 (64.81%) completed the study. The median age was 7 years, with a predominance of males. The median duration of hematuria was 180 days. The most frequent type of hematuria was microscopic 55 (44.0%) and intermittent pattern 24 (43.6%). In 42 (33.6%) patients, renal biopsy was performed. The most common cause of microscopic and mixed hematuria was thin basement membrane disease, and for gross hematuria it was hemorrhagic cystitis. Conclusions: Not finding similar data in the Colombian literature, this study contributes characteristics of hematuria in a limited population of outpatient consultation and opens the doors for the realization of new comparative studies with other populations, in order to establish parameters of diagnostic approach and follow-up [Estévez Capacho MA, Moreno DíazNX, Martínez Cáceres LE. Characterization of hematuria in pediatric patients treated at a pediatric care clinic in Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombi