21 research outputs found
Primary tubercular liver abscess in an immunocompetent adult: a case report
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Isolated primary tubercular abscess is one of the rare forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. A greater awareness of this rare clinical entity may help in commencing specific evidence-based therapy quickly and preventing undue morbidity and mortality.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 30-year-old man, of Asian origin, developed a hepatic tubercular abscess which was not associated with any pulmonary or gastrointestinal tract foci of tuberculosis. An ultrasonogram of the abdomen showed an abscess in the right lobe of his liver which was initially diagnosed as an amoebic liver abscess. Subsequently, the pus from the lesion yielded <it>Mycobacterium tuberculosis </it>using the BACTEC TB 460 instrument and <it>Mycobacterium tuberculosis </it>deoxyribonucleic acid by polymerase chain reaction. The patient was started on systemic antitubercular therapy to which he responded favorably.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This report emphasizes the fact that, although a tuberculous liver abscess is a very rare entity, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of unknown hepatic mass lesions.</p
Adherence in the CAPRISA 004 tenofovir gel microbicide trial.
CAPRISA, 2014.High adherence is key to microbicide effectiveness. Here we provide a description of adherence
interventions and the adherence rates achieved in the CAPRISA 004 Tenofovir Gel Trial.
Adherence support for the before-and-after dosing strategy (BAT 24) was provided at enrolment
and at each monthly study visit. This initially comprised individual counselling and was replaced
midway by a structured theory-based adherence support program (ASP) based on motivational
interviewing. The 889 women were followed for an average of 18 months and attended a total of
17031 monthly visits. On average women reported 5 sex acts and returned 5.9 empty applicators
per month. The adherence rate based on applicator count in relation to all reported sex acts was
72.2% compared to the 82.0% self-reported adherence during the last sex act. Adherence support
activities, which achieve levels of adherence similar to or better than those achieved by the
CAPRISA 004 ASP, will be critical to the success of future microbicide trials